அமரர் இர.சிவலிங்கம் அவர்களின் நினைவு பேருரை 18.09.2011 ஹைலன்ஸ் கல்லூரி...

kiyafk; vd;fpw milahsj;ijAk; czu;tpidAk; cynfy;yhk; giwrhw;wp ,Uf;fr; nra;fpd;w

kiyaf ,yf;fpak;

  - njsptj;ij N[hrg;

jkpo; ,yf;fpak; vd;Wk; <oj;jkpo; ,yf;fpak; vd;Wk; Ngrg;gLtJNghy; kiyaf ,yf;fpak; vd;Wk; jdpahfg; Ngrg;gLfpd;w msTf;F kiyafj;jpd; ciof;Fk; kf;fs; gw;wpa ,t;ntOj;Jf;fs; <oj;jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Fwpg;ghfTk;> jkpo; ,yf;fpak;> Gyk;ngau; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; Mfpatw;wpy; nghJthfTk; xU jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jp te;jpUf;fpd;wd.

<oj;J ,yf;fpaj;jpid nrOikg;gLj;Jk; xU gpujhd Mw;wiy ,d;W kiyafk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. (Nr.Nahfehjd; 20 E}w;whz;L <oj;Jr; rpWfijfs; Kd;Diu)

ngUe;Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspd; jdpj;Jt milahsg; gpuf;iQ tsu;j;njLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ngUk; gzpapy; kiyaf ,yf;fpak; Kjyplk; tfpj;jJ. (Nguhrpupau; mkuu; fh.rptj;jk;gp)

gpuNjr tho;f;ifia nghUsha;f;nfhz;L vOjg;gl;L te;Js;s gilg;Gf;fspy; ngUe;Njhl;lg; gapu;r; nra;iff;Ff; fskhf cs;s kiyehl;il ikakhff; nfhz;L vOjg;gl;bUg;gdtw;wpw;Fj; jdp ,lKz;L (Nguhrpupau; mkuu; f.ifyhrgjp Njhl;lf; fhl;bdpNy Kd;Diu)

kiyaf ,yf;fpak; vd;Dk; ,yf;fpaj; njhFjpahdJ <oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpd; kpf Kf;fpakhdf; $uhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. (nydpd; kjpthzk; - jkpofr; rQ;rpif capu; epoy; - fl;Liu)

ekJ ehL gy E}w;whz;L fhy tuyhw;wpidAk;> murpay; kw;Wk; fyhrhug; gpd;dzpiaAk; nfhz;l xU rpwpa ehL.

,yq;ifapd; Vlwpe;j tuyhw;wpy; Vwj;jho xU ,Ugj;ije;J tPjk; me;epa Mjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; Fwpg;ghf Nkw;F INuhg;gpau;fshy; Msg;gl;l rupj;jpuj;ijNa cs;slf;FfpwJ. Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUk;> xy;yhe;jUk; ,yq;ifiaf; ifg;gw;wp Mz;lNghJk; gpe;jpte;j gpupj;jhdpaNu ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;wpy; - kiyaf; ngUe;Njhl;l tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpa ,lk; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

gpupj;jhdpa Vfhjpgj;jpak; ,Jtiu fhyk; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J te;j nghUshjhu mbj;jsj;ij khw;wp mikj;jJ.

etPd re;ijkakhf;fiy Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l jq;fsJ murpaYf;Nfw;g Vw;Wkjpia ikakhff; nfhz;l Kjyhspj;Jt nghUshjhuj;ij mwpKfk; nra;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; nghUspay;> r%ftpay; mikg;Gf;fs; ahTk; epyg;gpuGj;Jt Kiwia Mjhukhff; nfhz;L gioa fpuhkpa Kiwapy; fl;b vOg;gg;gl;lit. MfNt Gjpjhf mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l Kjyhspj;Jt nghUshjhuk; mjd; tuitAk; tsu;r;rpiaAk; tuNtw;fpd;w – tsu;j;njLf;fpd;w xU murpay; - r%f fl;Lkhdj;ij Ntz;b epd;wJ.

fpuhkpa Kiwapy; fl;b vOg;gg;gl;bUe;j epyg;gpuGj;Jt Kiwikia gyk; Fd;wr; nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; me;epa KjYk; me;jpa ciog;Gk; gpupj;jhdpauhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. me;epa Kjy; Mq;fpNyaUilaJ.

me;epa ciog;G ,e;jpaj; jkpoUilaJ!

,t;thW xU Gjpa nghUshjhu khw;wj;jpid ikakhff; nfhz;L Muk;gkhdNj ,d;W ,yq;ifapy; kiyaf kf;fs; vd;W mwpKfk; nfhz;Ls;s – milahsg; gLj;jg;gLfpd;w ngUe;Njhl;l njhopyhsu;fs; tuyhW.

,e;jpa tptrhaj;jpy; fhyk; jg;gpa kio@ twl;rp@ MfpaitAk; Mq;fpy Mjpf;fj;jpd; tpisthd ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpapd; nry;thf;F tptrhaj;ijNa ikakhff; nfhz;bUe;j epykw;w rhjpg;gpupTfshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;j tptrhapfis Ntiyaw;W gl;bdpahy; thLk; xU kf;fs; $l;lkhf khw;wpapUe;jJ.

nra;tjw;Fj; njhopy; VJkpd;wp gl;bdp fple;J rhtijtpl fpilf;Fk; VjhtnjhU njhopiy capiug; gzak; itj;jhtJ nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; vd;Dk; Kaw;rpNa ,tu;fis ,yq;ifapd; kiyg;gpuNjrj;Jf;Ff; Fb ngau itj;jJ.

Gyg; ngau;Tf;fhd ,uz;L fhuzpfspy; xd;W Pulling factor. kw;wJ Pushing factor. ve;j xU Gyg; ngau;tpYk; ,e;j ,uz;by; VjhtnjhU xd;W kw;wjpYk; ghu;f;ff;$ba mOj;jk; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;.

cjhuzj;Jf;F 83 d; gpd;dhd <oj;jkpou;fspd; Nkiy ehLfSf;fhd Gyg;ngau;itf; $wyhk;. <oj;jpd; trpf;f Kbahj epiyapd; js;Sfpd;w – tpul;Lfpd;w fhuzpNa $Ljy; mOj;jk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ ntspg;gil.

Mdhy; ,e;jpaj; jkpou;fspd; ,yq;ifapd; kiyafj;Jf;fhd Gyg;ngau;tpy; ,e;j Pulling – Pushing Mfpa ,U fhuzpfSNk rkkhf nraw;gl;Ls;sijf; fhzyhk;.

js;Sk; fhuzpfspd; nraw;ghLfisg; NghyNt> fq;fhzpkhu;fspd; gpur;rhuq;fs; %yk; ,Of;Fk; fhuzpfSk; nraw;gl;Ls;sd.

njd;dpe;jpaf; fpuhkq;fspd; ,e;jj;js;Sk; fhuzp gw;wp GJikg; gpj;jdpd; ‘Jd;gf;Nfzp’Ak;@ ,yq;if kiyafj;jpd; ,Of;Fk; fhuzpgw;wp Nfh.eNlra;aupd; ‘jpUuhkrhkp Nru;itapd; rupj’Kk; kpf mofhfg; gjpT nra;fpd;wd.

kiyaf ,yf;fpak; xU cj;Ntfj;Jld; 60 fSf;Fg; gpd;Ng vOe;jhYk; mjw;fhd xU jsk; 30fspypUe;Jk; mjw;F Kd;gpUe;Jk; Nghlg;gl;Nl te;Js;sd vd;gJk; kdk; nfhs;sj;jf;fJ.

MdhYk; 60f;Fg; gpd; vOe;j ,g;GJNtfk; me;jg; gioa jsj;jpd; Nky; jhd; vOe;jJ vd;W ehk; kaq;fj; Njitapy;iy. mWgJfSf;Fg; gpd; vOe;j ,e;jg;GJ cj;Ntfk; kiyafk; vd;fpd;w czu;TlDk;. kiyafr; r%fk; vd;fpd;w cUthf;fj;JlDk; NknyOe;j xd;W.

kiyaf r%fj;jpd; %j;j guk;giuapdu; my;yJ %j;j guk;giuapdupd; kpfTk; mjpfkhNdhu; fy;tp mwpT Fiwe;jtu;fs; my;yJ mw;wtu;fs;. vdNt ,e;jr; r%fj;ij cau;j;Jfpd;w> Kd;Ndw;Wfpd;w> kjpf;fpd;w nraw;ghLfs; gbj;j ,se;jiyKiwapdiuNa rhu;e;jpUe;jpUe;jJ.

xU r%fj;jpd; cau;Tk;> Kd;Ndw;wKk; mr;r%fj;jpdu; mjid kjpf;Fk; NghJk; jk; r%ff;FiwghLfis jhq;fNs czu;e;J mjidf; fisa Kw;gLk;NghJNk Vw;gl Kbfpd;wJ.

Mdhy; gbj;j ,isQu;fs; Njhl;lj;Jr; r%f tho;f;ifapy; gq;F gw;Wtij tpyf;fpf; nfhs;tJk; xJf;fpf; nfhs;tJkhfNt ,Ue;j fhyk; xd;wpUe;jJ. gbj;j kiyaf thypgu;fs; jq;fSf;Fk; ,e;j kf;fSf;Fkpilapyhd xU r%f J}uj;ij – (Social Distance) Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;. ,ij 50 fs; tiuapyhd fhykhf ehk; nfhs;syhk;.

1931 y; Nfh.eNlra;au; vOjp ,Ue;j jpUuhkrhkp Nru;itapd; rupjk; gw;wp Muk;gj;jpNyNa Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;.

Iauplk; ,Ue;jJ xU mirf;f kbahj ,e;jpa czu;T. jQ;rhT+u;f; fhuuhd eNlra;au; ,e;jpa tpahghupfs; rq;fk; vd;Dk; jd;Dila mikg;gpw;F xU fpisr;rq;fj;ijf; nfhOk;gpy; mikj;jpUe;jhu;. mjd; Mz;L tpohTf;fhfTk; jd;Dila tu;j;jf kpj;jpud; gj;jpupiff;F re;jh Nrfupg;gjw;FkhfNt nfhOk;G te;jtu;.

mtupd; nfhOk;G tUifia mwpe;jpUe;j ‘jQ;ir [py;yh fhq;fpu]; fkpl;b’ ma;aiu mZfp mg;gbNa Njhl;lg; gFjpfSf;Fk; nrd;W ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsu;fspd; nghUshjhu epiyik gw;wpAk; Muha;e;J nfhz;LtUk;gbf; Nfl;bUe;jJ.

,e;j mwpf;if rku;g;gpg;gjw;fhf xU njhif NtjdKk; ma;aUf;F fhq;fpu]; toq;fpapUf;Fk;.

jd;Dila nfhOk;G Ntiyfis Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L ma;au; Njhl;lg; gFjpfSf;Fk; tp[ak; nra;jhu;.

mj;JkPwy; jilr;rl;lk; ntspahu; Njhl;lq;fSf;Fs; gpuNtrpg;gijj;jLj;jJ.

Nrit xg;ge;jf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; Njhl;l kf;fs; ntspNa nry;tijj; jLj;jJ.

xU tifapy; xt;nthU Njhl;lKk; xU jpwe;jntspr; rpiwahfNt ,Ug;gijAk;> Nghjpa guhkupg;gpd;wp. ghJfhg;gpd;wp> Rfhjhu trjpfspd;wp yhgj;ijNa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;l Jiukhu;fspdJk;@ fq;fhzpfspdJk; ml;^opaq;fspdhy; ghjpg;Gw;W Nghjpa tUkhdkpd;wp my;yYWk; Njhl;l kf;fs; gw;wp ,e;j Kjy; tp[aj;jpd;NghNj ma;au; mwpe;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. ,e;jpah> nrd;W kWgbAk; ,yq;ifapy; njhlu;e;J trpf;Fk; vz;zj;Jld; nfhOk;G te;j NghJ nfhOk;Gthrpfshd  ,e;jpau;fSld; Nru;e;J ,aq;fpdhu;;. gj;jpupiffs; ntspapl;lhu;. V.<.Fzrpq;fTld; ,ize;J njhopw;rq;fk; elj;jpdhu;. ,g;gbNa xU MNwO Mz;Lfspd; gpd; V.<. Fzrpq;f mtu;fspd; ,e;jpa vjpu;g;G gpurhuq;fspdhy; Mj;jpukile;jhu;. mtUf;F vjpuhfg; gpur;rhuk; nra;aTk; nraw;glTk; Jzpe;jhu;. Kg;gJfspd; fhyg;gFjpapy; V.<.Fzrpq;f b.v];.Nrdhdhaf;fh> rp.lgps;A.lgps;A fd;dq;fuh Nghd;wtu;fspd; ,e;jpa vjpu;g;Gg; gpur;rhuq;fs; gw;wp Fkhup n[atu;jdhtpd; E}y; tpupthfg; gjpT nra;fpd;wJ.

tPuNfrupapd; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;j vr;.ney;iyahtpd; Nrhkhtjp my;yJ ,yq;if ,e;jpau; el;G vd;Dk; ehty; rpq;fs murpay;thjpfspd; ,e;jpaj; JNt\k; gw;wp ajhu;j;j G+u;tkhf tpku;rdk; nra;fpd;wJ. ,e;jpa czu;T kpf;ftuhd eNlra;au; Fzrpq;fTld; Kuz;gl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;. njhopw; rq;fj;jpypUe;J J}f;fp vwpag;gl;lhu;.

V.< Fzrpq;fTld; Vw;gl;l Kuz;ghNl ,tiu `l;lDf;F efu;j;jpaJ my;yJ js;spaJ. Njhl;l kf;fis ikakhff; nfhz;Nl jhd; gyk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; epidTg;nghwpiag; gw;w itj;jNj> nfhOk;igAk; nfhOk;ig mz;ba gFjpfisAk; Nru;e;j rpq;fs kf;fspd; gyj;jhy; tp];t&gk; nfhz;L epd;w V.<.Fzrpq;fhjhd;.

jiyefu; nfhOk;gpypUe;J kiyafk; Nehf;fpj; js;sg;gl;l ma;au; njhg;gpj; Njhl;lk; vd;W ngau; nfhz;l `l;lidj; jdJ nraw; jskhff; nfhz;lhu;. ,yq;if ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsu; rk;Nksdj;ij cUthf;fpdhu;. rNfhjup gpupz;lu;]; vd;Dk; mr;Rf; $lj;ij Muk;gpj;jhu;.

njhopyhsu; kj;jpapYs;s mePjpfisAk;> mtu;fSf;nfjpuhd muh[fq;fisAk; mr;rkpd;wpAk; Cf;fj;JlDk; vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;.

nlhd%u; Mizf;FOtpd; nraw;ghLfs;> ru;t[d thf;Fupik Nghd;w nraw;ghLfs; xU murpay; tpopg;Gzu;it kiyaj;jpy; Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. Njhl;l kf;fspd; gyj;Jld; mij ntF fupridAld; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ltu; Nfh.eNlra;au;.

1936 Mk; Mz;L ele;j ,uz;lhtJ nghJj;Nju;jypy; `l;ldpy; ,Ue;J Nfh.eNlra;au; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupdhy; 1941 ,d; Nju;jy; gpd; Nghlg;gl;lJ. NkYk; xU 5 tUlkhf 10 Mz;Lfs; rl;lrig mq;fj;jtuhf ,Ue;jtu; eNlra;au;.

1920 f;Fg; gpd;du; xUfhy; E}w;whz;L fhyk; kiyaf vLj;Jyfpy; xU gpujhd ,lk; tfpg;gtuhf Nfh.eNlra;au; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whu;.

jkpopYk; Mq;fpyj;jpYkhf Vuhskhd gj;jpupiffs; ntspapl;lhu;.

gj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis ntspapl;lhu;.

eP kaq;FtNjd;

ntw;wpAdNj

njhopyhsu; me;jug; gpiog;G

njhopyhsu; rl;lg;Gj;jfk;

Planter Raj

The Ceylon Indian Congress Nghd;wit Fwpg;gplf; $bait. vy;yh E}y;fSNk fl;Liu tbtpyhditNa.

cwq;fpf; fplf;Fk; xU r%fj;ijj; jl;b vOg;gptplj;JzpAk; mwpT [PtpfSf;F vOj;J> gj;jpupifj; njhopy;> E}y;ntspaPL Mfpatw;Wld; neUf;fkhd njhlu;G vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYNk ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ! vy;yh ehLfspYNk ,Ue;J te;js;sJ! eNlra;aUk; mjw;F tpjptpyf;fy;y.

‘jkpo; ehl;L ,isQu;fis cwf;fj;jpypUe;J jl;b vOg;Gk; mUikahd E}y; vd;Dk; Kd; ml;ilf; Fwpg;Gld; mfntOr;rp E}y;fis ntspapl ma;au; tpUk;gpr; nraw;gl;lhu;.

xU kf;fs; $l;lj;jpd; vOr;rpf;F> Gwepiyr; nraw;ghLfs; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. mfepiy nraw;ghLfSk; mtrpak; vd;gij ma;au; czu;e;Nj ,itfis ntspaplj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

,e;j tupirapd; Kjy; E}y; eP kaq;FtNjd;. 1931 y; ntspte;j E}y; ,J.

,uz;lhtJ E}y; ntw;wp cdNj.

1947 y; ntspte;jJ. ,uz;L E}y;fSNk `l;ld; rNfhjup gpu]; ntspaPLfNs. ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ E}y; ntspte;j mNj 47 y; nfhOk;gpy; ma;au; mkuu; Mdhu;.

jd;Dila ,iltplhj gpurd;dj;jhy; Mw;wy; kpF Ngr;rhy;@ Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fshy; kPdhl;rpak;khspd; ghly;fshy;> njhopw;rq;f eltbf;ifahy; xU fhy; E}w;whz;L fhyk; kiyafj;ij Ml;nfhz;bUe;jtu; Nfh.eNlra;au;.

,tu; vOjp ntspapl;l ‘Njhl;l Kjyhspfspd; uh[;ak;’ vd;Dk; E}y; Njhl;l Kjyhspfshfpa nts;isj;Njhy; tPuu;fis $z;bNyw;wp tprhuiz nra;jJ.

,e;j E}y; kf;fsplk; nry;yhky; jLg;gjw;fhf E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd E}y;fis thq;fp jPapypl;Lf; nfhOj;jpdhu;fs; Jiukhu;fs; vd;W eNlra;aupd;; rhjidfs; vd;Dk; jdJ fl;Liuapy; Fwpf;fpd;whu;; rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;.

Nfh.eNlra;aupd; gzpfisAk; nraw;ghLfisAk; gutyhf ntspf;nfhzu;e;j – mwpKfg;gLj;jpa ngUikia ehk; kiyaff; fiy ,yf;fpa Nguitf;Fk; mjd; jiytu; rhuy;ehlDf;Fk;> nrayu; me;jdp [PthTf;Fk; nfhLf;fyhk;.

Njr gf;jd; Nfh.eNlra;au;@ gj;jpupifahsu; Nfh.eNlra;au;@ vd;Dk; ,uz;L tuyhw;W Ma;T E}y;fisj; je;Js;shu;. rhuy; ehld; mtu;fs;.

ghujp gw;wp ,yf;fpa upjpahf Ma;T nra;Ak; mwpQu;fs; ‘gpupnjhU fhyfl;lj;jpy; ghujp Njhd;wp ,Ug;ghNuahdhy; mtuplk; ,Ue;J ,yf;fpa cyF ,d;Dk; epiwa ngw;wpUf;Fk; vd;W $WtJz;L.

Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l fhykhf ghujpapd; fhyKk; ,Ue;J tpl;ljhy; ‘cr;rp kPJ thdpbe;J tPOfpd;w nghjpYk; mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy vd;Wk;… ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij – ehl;Lf;Fioj;jy;; vd;Wk; tPuhNtrk; ghLk; Gul;rpf;ftpahfTk; ghl;nlOtJk;> XLtJk; xsptJkhf xU gpwtpf; fiyQdhf nraw;glKbahJ Ngha;tpl;lnjd;gu;.

,ij ehk; eNlra;aUf;Fk; nghUj;jpg; ghu;f;fyhk;.

1920 f;Fg; gpd;du; vOj;Jyfpy; gpujhd ,lk; tfpf;Fk; ma;aiu ehk; ,yf;fpathjpahff; nfhs;s Kbahtpl;lhYk; mtu; ntspapl;l ekJ kf;fs; gw;wpa E}y;fs; rpe;jpf;fj; njupe;jtu;fs; kj;jpapy; ngUk; nry;thf;iff; nfhz;bUe;jJ’ vd;W Fwpf;fpd;whu; mkuu; fhu;Nkfk; mtu;fs;.

1931 y; ntspaplg;gl;l eP kaq;FtNjd; vd;Dk; E}y; 11 mj;jpahaq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Kd; ml;ilf; Fwpg;igg; NghyNt cwf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,isQu;fis jl;b vOg;Gfpd;w gpur;rhuj;ijNa ikakhff; nfhz;l fl;Liufs; ,itfs;.

,jd; filrpf; fl;Liu jhd; jpU.uhkrhkp Nru;itapd; rupjk;.

‘xUtd; jd; ciog;ghy; vt;tpjk; cau;epiyia milayhk; vd;gijg; gw;wp tpsf;f xU ez;guJ rupj;jpuj;ij nrhy;y tpUk;GfpNwd;. Vo;ikapy; gpwe;J Vo;ikapy; tsu;e;J fy;tp ,y;yhjpUe;Jk;> gpwu; cjtpapd;wp cw;whu; cwtpdiu tpl;Lg;gpupe;J me;epa ehl;by; jd; RaKaw;rpahy; cau;epiyia mile;j jpU uhkrhkp Nru;itapd; rupjj;ijf; Nfs;….’ vd;Dk; Kd;DiuAld; njhlq;FfpwJ fij. mNjNghy; filrpapy; xU gpd;DiuAk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,f;fl;Liuapy; ma;au; Nru;j;jpUf;Fk; Kd;Diu gpd;Diufis mfw;wptpl;lhy; ,J KOik ngw;w xU mUikahd rpWfij.

K.epj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs; tPuNfrupapd; Njhl;l kQ;rupapy; kiyafj;jpd; Kjy; fijahf ,ijf; nfhs;syhk; vd;w Fwpg;Gld; me;jf; filrpf; fl;Liuiag; gpuRupj;jpUe;jhu;. uhkrhkp Nru;itapd; rupjk; vd;Dk; jiyg;Gld;.

1996 Mk; Mz;L> khj;jisf; fhuUk; jiyefu; nfhOk;gpy; trpj;jtUkhfpa Jiutp];tehjd; mtu;fs; Jiutp vd;Dk; gjpg;gfj;ij nlhkpdpf; [Pth mtu;fspd; MNyhridapd; Ngupy; Muk;gpj;jhu;. cUthf;fpdhu;.

E}y; ntspaPl;by; kpfTk; gpd; jq;fpAs;s kiyafj;jpypUe;J kpFe;j cw;rhfj;Jld; E}y;fs; ntspaplj; njhlq;fpdhu;. jpUthsu;fs; khj;jis fhu;j;jpNfR> khj;jis NrhK> nlhkpdpf; [Pth MfpNahUldhd fye;Jiuahlypd; gpd; mtu; vd;id mZfpdhu;. tur;nrhd;dhu;. kiyafr; rpWfijfis xU njhFjpahfg; Nghlg;NghtjhfTk;> njhFg;Gg; gzpf;F vd;dhy; cjtp nra;a KbAkh vd;W Nfl;lhu;. tp\ak; kfpo;r;rpahdJ jhd;. mdhy; elf;f Ntz;LNk. 1996 vd;why; xU Kg;gJ Kg;gj;ije;J tUlk; ,e;j vOj;Jyfj;Jf;Fs; fple;jtd; ehd;. xU Mu;tj;jld; ,g;gbg; Gj;jfk; NghLfpNwd; vd;W fpsk;gp> fijfSld;; fhzhkw; Nghd vj;jidg; Nghiu ehd; fz;bUf;fpNwd;. ghu;g;Nghk; vd;W $wptpl;L te;Njd; MdhYk; Jiu tp];tehjd; mtu;fs; vd;id tpl tpy;iy. mtUila njhe;juT jhq;fhky; fijfisj; Njbr; Nrfupj;Njd;. epiwa jlitfs; mtUld; fye;JiuahbNdd;. xU jlit $wpdhu; Mz;L thupahf kiyafj;jpd; Kjy; rpWfijapypUe;J NghLNthNk vd;whu;.

vdf;Fk; xU nghwp jl;baJ. K.epj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs; kiyafj;jpd; Kjy; rpWfijahf ,ijf; nfhs;syhk; vd;W gpuRupj;jpUe;j eNlra;aupd; rpWfijiaj; NjbNdd;. fpilf;f kWj;jJ. Njrhgpkhdp Mrpupau; gp.uhkehjd; mtu;fs; vdJ ez;gu;. Nf.fNz\; mtu;fs; nfhOk;G tUk;NghJ uhkehjDld; jhd; vd;idg; ghu;f;f tUthu;. eNlra;au; fij gw;wpf; $wpNdd;. ftiyNaglhjPu;fs; vd;W $wpatu; eNlra;aupd; eP kaq;FtNjd; E}iyf; nfhz;L te;J nfhLj;jhu;. 1931 y; gpuRukhd Nfh.eNlra;aupd; uhkrhkp Nru;itapd; rupj’j;Jf;F gpwF 1946 y; Nf.fNz\;> 54 y; u/Ngy; 60 y; ngh.fpU];zrhkp 63 y; ekJ ,u rptypq;fj;jpd; Kd;dtd; nrhj;J – vd;W 33 kiyafr; rpWfijfisj; njhFj;Jf; nfhLj;Njd;.

jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; %ytu;fshf %tiuf; Fwpf;fpd;wdu; rpWfij tuyhw;whrpupau;;fs;. t.Nt.R.ma;au;> ghujp> khjitah vd;W.

jkpo; rpWfijapd; je;ij vd;W Nghw;wg;gLfpd;w t.Nt.R ma;au; vl;Lf; fijfNs vOjpapUf;fpd;whu;. mitfspy; MW fijfs; Guhzq;fspypUe;Jk; fhg;gpaq;fspypUe;Jk; vLj;Jf; ifahsg;gl;lit. iyyp k[;D – mdhu;fyp> kq;ifau;f;furpapd; fhjy; Nghd;wit. jw;fhy eilKiwfs; gpur;rpidfisf; fUthff; nfhz;L ,uz;L fijfisNa Mf;fp ,Uf;fpd;whu; xd;W Fsj;jq;fiu murkuk; kw;wJ fky tp[ak;.

ma;aUila ngUk;ghd;ikahd fijfSf;F mtu; xU Kd;Diu nfhLg;gJz;L. #rpif vd;Dk; ngaupy;. ,e;j #rpif gw;wp Iau; $Wifapy; ‘uPjp Gjpnjd;gjhy; #rpif Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. #rpifiag; gbf;fhky; fijiag; gbj;jhy; Rit mjpfkhf czug;gLk; vd;whYk; fijg; GupjYf;fhf #rpif Nru;f;fg;gLfpwJ. vd;fpwhu; t.Nt.R.ma;au;.

fijapd; Rit Fd;wpdhYk; fijg;GupjNy Kf;fpak; - vd;fpd;whu; mtu;.

Nfh.eNlra;aupd; uhkrhkpr; Nru;itapd;’ fijf;fhd Kd;DiuAk; t.Nt.R. ma;aupd; #rpif Nghd;wNj vd;W vd;Dila kiyafr; rpWfij tuyhw;wpy; tpsf;fk; nra;jpUf;fpNwd;.

<oj;Jj; jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; %ytu;fshf %tu; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wu;. rp.itj;jpaypq;fk;@ ,yq;ifau;f;Nfhd;@ rk;ge;jd; MfpNahNu me;j %tu;.

<oj;Jr; rpWfij %ytu;fs; gw;wp Nguhrpupau; ifyhrgjp Fwpf;Fk;NghJ ‘ekJ Kd;Ndhbfs; rpWfijapd; cUtj;jpYk; ciueilapYNk mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpdu;. njd;dpe;jpa  rQ;rpiffspNyNa ,tu;fs; $LjyhfTk; <Lghl;LlDk; vOjpaikahy; <ok; vd;fpd;w ,l tiuaiwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. ,tu;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,yf;fpaj;Jf;Fk; tho;Tf;Fk; Neubahd njhlu;G ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vd;wpUf;fpwhu;.

,itfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;ltuhfNt Nfh.eNlra;au; ,Uf;fpd;whu;. fij gbj;Jf; fij vOj te;jtu; my;y mtu;. t.Nt.R.Iau;@ ghujp Nghy; mtu; xU rPu;j;jpUj;jf;fhuu;. murpay; tpopg;Gzu;Tf;fhfg; gpur;rhuk; nra;a jdJ vOj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpatu;. MdhYk; ekJ Ma;thusu;fs;> tuyhw;W Mrpupau;fs; mtiuf; fz;L nfhs;stpy;iy vd;Wk; vdJ kiyaf rpWfij E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;.

kiyafr; rpWfijfs; ntspaPl;L tpohtpy; Ngrpa jpU td;dpaFyk; mtu;fs; <oj;Jj;jkpo; rpWfijapd; %ytu; %tuh my;yJ eNlra;aiuAk; Nru;j;J ehy;tuh vd;Dk; Nfs;tpia ,e;j E}y; %yk; njsptj;ij fpsg;Gfpwhu; vd;W $wpdhu;.

‘vd;Dila fl;Liufspy; eNlra;aiur; Nru;j;J ehy;tu; vd;Nw vOjpAs;Nsd;’ vd;W xU rpy Nguhrpupau;fs; $wj; njhlq;fpdu;. gy;fiyf;foq;fspYk; ,J gw;wpa Ngr;Rf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. vOjg;gl;L Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l tuyhWfs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba mtrpak; typAWj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

ma;aupd; fhyj;jpy; kiyaf tpopg;Gzu;TfSf;fhd Kaw;rpfs; ngUkstpy; ele;jd jhd; vd;whYk; kiyaf ,yf;fpa kWkyu;r;rp vd;gij mjd; KO mu;j;jj;Jld; 1960 fspNyNa ehk; fz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

gpe;jpa 50 fspd; fhyk; ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fSila fhyk;. kiyafk;> kiyehL vd;Dk; gjq;fs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;L Njhl;lf;fhL vd;Dk; gpuNjrk; gpugy;aKk; kupahijAk; nfhz;l fhyk;. kiyafk; vd;Dk; xU Nfh\j;ij Kd;itj;J ,g;ngUe;Njhl;l kf;fSf;F xU milahsj;ijj; Njbj;ju r%f czu;T nfhz;l rptypq;fk;> nre;J}ud;> Nghd;w xU rpy gbj;j kiyaf ,isQu;fs; cj;Ntfj;Jld; gq;fhw;wpa fhyk;.

r%f kWkyu;r;rp ,af;fk; vd;gjd; xU JiztpisTjhd; ,yf;fpak; vd;fpd;w cz;ik fy;tpkhdhd mkuu; rptypq;fk; mtu;fSf;Fs; Mokhf epiy nfhz;bUe;jJ. G+q;fhw;wha; tPr Muk;gpj;J mtu; Gayha; vOg;gpa fy;tp miy rpe;jpf;fj; njupe;j xU gbj;j ,isQu; $l;lj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. Kg;gJfspy; eNlra;au; fhyj;jpy; kiyafj;jpd; tpopg;Gzu;TfSf;fhd Kaw;rpfs;  ngUkstpy; ele;jdjhd; vd;whYk; 60 fspd; mwpT [Ptpfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l r%f tpopg;Gzu;T Kaw;rpfSf;Fk; Kd;idajw;Fk; epiwa NtWghLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,e;jpa czu;T kpf;f ma;aupd; Kaw;rpfs; murpay; vOr;rp rhu;e;jJ.

V.< Fzrpq;fhtpd; ,e;jpa vjpu;g;Gg; gpurhuj;jhy; Nfhgk; nfhz;Nl jd;Dila gj;jpupiffspy; Fzrpq;fTf;Ff; nfjpuhdg; gpurhuq;fis Nkw;nfhz;lhu;.

,d mfq;fhuk; kpff; nfhz;ltuhd Fzrpq;fTf;F nfhOk;gpYk; mjd; Rw;Wg;Gwq;fspYk; cs;s rpq;fstu; kj;jpapy; ngUk; kjpg;gpUe;jJ. rpq;fsj; njhopyhsu;fs; kj;jpapy; xU jdpg;ngUk; jiytuhf mtu; jpfo;e;jhu;.

mNjNghy; jhDk; xU jdpg;ngUk; njhopyhsu; jiytdhfpf; fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; ituhf;fpak; %isrhypahd eNlra;aiu KLf;fptpl;lJ. jdJgyk; Njhl;lj;J kf;fis ikakhff; nfhz;L tsu Ntz;baJ vd;gij czu;e;jhu;. kiyafk; Nehf;fpa ma;aupd; efu;T ikak; jd;idg; gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> jd;id jdJ njhopw;rq;fj;jpypUe;J tpul;babj;j V.<.Fzrpq;fhTf;F xU ghlk; Gfl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpNyNa jq;fpapUe;jJ.

mfpy ,yq;ifj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu; rk;Nksdk; vd;Dk; njhopyhsu; rq;fkikj;J kf;fisj; jpul;bdhu;.

1936 y; ele;j nghJj; Nju;jypy; `l;ld; njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;L ntd;W rl;lrig cWg;gpduhdhu;.

ngUe;Njhl;l kf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpj; jq;fis Kd;epiyg; gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; njhopw;rq;f ka murpaiy kiyafj;jpy; mwpKfg; gLj;jpatNu ma;au;jhd;.

mtUila rfy Nghuhl;lq;fSk; murpaiyAk;> nghUshjhuj;ijAk; ikakhff; nfhz;ljhfNt ,Ue;jJ.

“1960 – 70 ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapy; mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lkply;fs; ahTk; nghUshjhuj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;Nl mike;jpUe;jd. Mdhy; eilKiwapy; njd;fpof;fhrpa ehLfspy; ,jd; gpuNahfk; ntw;wpaspf;ftpy;iy. vdNt xU ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F nghUshjhuk; kl;Lk; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; my;y. – r%f epiyikfs;> r%f epu;thfk;> - r%f gpur;rpidfs; vd;gdTk; rPu;j;jpUj;jg;gLk;NghNj mJ ehl;by; mgptpUj;jpia <l;bj;jUk; vd;gij czu;e;J ,d;W r%f epiyikfspy; ftdk; nrYj;;jp tUfpd;wJ.” (U.N.O Hand Book.1972) ,J xU ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F kl;Lky;y xU r%fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; nghUj;jkilaJ. 1974 ,y; ntspte;j “,e;jpa Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;” xU r%ftpay; Nehf;F vd;Dk; Ma;T ,ij Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. (The Plantation Workers A Sociological Study)

60fSf;Fg; gpe;jpa nraw;ghLfs;> fy;tp. mgptpUj;jpia Kd;itj;J ,k;kf;fis r%f uPjpahfTk; Njrpa uPjpahfTk; vOr;rp nfhs;sr; nra;jit.

mWgJfspd; gpe;jpa ,e;j nraw;ghLfspd; gpjhkfdhfj; jpfo;e;jtu; mkuu; ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs;. <oj;J ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; 1956 I jw;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; vy;iyahff; nfhs;syhk;. ,e;j Mz;L gjtpf;F te;;j S.W.R.D gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; murhq;fk; fyhrhuj;Jiwapy; fhl;ba Mu;tKk; Njrpa nkhopfis cau;fy;tpf;Fupa Nghjdhnkhopfshf;fg;gl;l ngU khw;wKk; mjd; tpis gad;fSNk me;j Mz;il jw;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; vy;iyahff; nfhs;tjw;Ff; fhuzkha; Mfpd;wd.

,e;j khw;wq;fspd; tpisr;ry;fs; rpq;fsf; fiy ,yf;fpaj;Jiwfspy; xU kWkyu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. tlfpof;F khfhz vOj;jhsu;fspilNaAk; njhw;wp tsu;e;jJ.

kiyafj;jpd; r%fr; #o;epiy@ nghUshjhuj; jho;T@ murpay; mehij epiy Mfpa Kk;Kidj; jhf;Fjyhy; mOe;jpg;; Ngha;f;fple;j kiyafj;jpd; fiy ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfs;> kw;wg; gpuhe;jpaq;fspd; fiyfyhrhu Kaw;rpfspd; juj;ij vl;ltpy;iy.

,e;j mtyr; #o;epiyapYk; kiyehl;ltupd; kd mtyq;fs; ftpijfshf> fijfshf> ehtyhf kyu;e;jd. Xu; Mw;wy; kpF rkjhaj;jpd; Fuyhf ,it mike;jpUe;jd vd;whYk; cuj;J xypf;f Kbatpy;iy.

cuj;J xypf;fhj ,k; kiyaf vOj;J Kaw;rpfs; gw;wp ahUk; fijf;ftpy;iy. tha;jpwe;J xd;WNk Ngrtpy;iy.

,e;j Mjq;fk;> fhyk; fhykhf ehq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;jhdh vd;Dk; Mj;jpuk;@ gbj;j kiyaf ,isQu;fs; kj;jpapy; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ.

,tu;fs; kiyafj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpfisr; Nru;e;jtu;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> xUtiu xUtu; Neupy; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;fs; $l ,y;iy vd;whYk;> Nkw;$wpa Mjq;fKk; Mj;jpuKk; ehd;F tUl fu;g;gthrj;jpd; gpd; xNutpjkhd ehbj;Jbg;Gld; r%f czu;r;rpg; gputhfk; nghq;f> xd;Wgl;l Xu; cj;Ntfj;Jld; fhyj;jpd; Fuyhf 1960 Mk; Mz;lstpy; fpsk;gpaJ.

,jd; Kjw;Fuyhf> nre;J}udpd; ‘cupik vq;Nf’ iaf; nfhs;syhk;. mg;NghJ kpfg; gpugykhd gj;jpupifahf ,Ue;j ‘fy;fp’ ,yq;iff;nfd elj;jpa rpWfijg; Nghl;bapy; gupR ngw;w ,e;jf; fij. kiyafj;jpd; vupAk; gpur;rpidahd FbAupikg; gpur;rpidia ikakhff; nfhz;ljhFk;. r%f. nghUshjhu> murpay; uPjpapy; kpfTk; gpd; js;sg;gl;bUe;j Njhl;lj; njhopyhsp xUtdpd; tho;f;ifapy; eilngw;w rk;gtj;ij tpsf;FfpwJ ,r;rpWfij.

“gwq;fpkiyj; Njhl;lk;@ Vohk; ek;gu; yak;@ Rg;igahtpd; fhk;gpuh> nfhOe;J fzf;fg; gps;isaplk; ifkhw;whf thq;fp te;jpUe;j myhuk; tpbaw;fhiy %d;W kzpf;ff; fzPnud;W xypj;jJ” vd;W Muk;gpf;Fk; nre;J}udpd; cupik vq;Nf NeuhfNt xU Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J> mjpfhiyapNyNa vOe;J gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf> fzf;fg;gps;isaplk; ,Ue;J myhuf; fbfhuj;ij ,utyhf thq;fp itj;jpUf;Fk; mtu;fSila tho;epiy tpsf;fj;Jld; njhlq;FfpwJ.

gwq;fpkiyj; Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J gjpdhW iky; njhiytpy; cs;s fz;b gpu[h cupik MgPRf;F rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nra;a tUk;gb mtUf;Ff; fbjk; xd;W te;jpUf;fpwJ.

,uT KOf;f mtUf;Fr; re;Njh\k; epiynfhs;stpy;iy. mjpfhiy %d;W kzpf;Nf myhuk; itj;J vOe;J> kidtpiaAk; kfisAk; vOg;gp….

‘,dp ahu; vd;idj; fs;sj;Njhzp vd;W $w KbAk;? ehis Kjy; ehDk; ,e;j ehl;bd; gpui[’ vd;W kfpo;e;J fplf;fpd;whu;.

gpu[h cupik rl;lk; te;jNghJ jhDk; vOjpg;Nghl;lJ. MNwO Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF mtu;fs; Njhl;lj;Jf;F te;J tprhuiz elj;jpaJ… flNy njupahj jd;id fs;sj;njhzpf; fhudhfNt re;Njfpj;J mtu;fs; Nfl;l Nfs;tpfs;@ ‘rupahd UR ,y;iyNa’ vd;W $wptpl;Lg; NghdJ.. gpwF… gpwFk; ,uz;nlhU jlit tprhuizf;Ff; $g;gpl;lJ… Mfpait mtUila kdjpy; vOfpwJ. gpu[h cupik Mg;gPRf;Fg; Ngha;r; Nru;e;jhy;… ‘cd;id ahu; tur; nrhd;dJ. cdf;Fg; gpu[h cupik ,y;iyNa. ehq;fs; tur; nrhd;d Rg;igahNt NtW….” vd;W ru;t rhjhuzkhff; $wp ‘eP Ngh’ vd;fpd;wdu;.

gpu[h cupikr; rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ 1948 ,y;. mjhtJ ,yq;iff;Fr; Rje;jpuk; fpilj;j mNj Mz;L. me;j Mz;by;jhd; ,e;j kf;fs; murpay; mehijfs; Mf;fg;gl;ldu;.

,yq;;ifg; gpu[h cupikf;fhf mg;NghNj vOjpg; Nghl;l yl;rf;fzf;fhz Njhl;lj;J kf;fspy; ,e;jr; Rg;igahTk; xUtu;.

‘Rg;igah ehaf;fUf;F md;W epiy nfhs;stpy;iy. ,Uf;fhjh gpd;Nd… vj;jid Mz;Lfs;? xd;wh ,z;lh? gj;jhz;Lfs;! vOjpg; Nghl;L ,j;jid Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; ,g;NghJ jhd; fz;l;NuhypuplkpUe;J fbjk; te;jpUf;fpwJ…’ vd;W Xuplj;jpy; vOJfpd;whu; nre;J}ud;.

,yq;ifg; gpu[h cupikf;fhf tpz;zg;gk; NfhUk; ‘,e;jpa ghfp];jhdpa tjptplg; gpu[h cupik rl;lk; 1949 ,y; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

‘gj;jhz;Lfs; vg;gbNah Xb kiwe;J tpl;ld’ vd;Dk; fijapd;  $w;Wg;gb Nehf;fpdhYk; 1959 te;J tpLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fij gupRf; fijahff; fy;fpapy; gpuRuk; ngw;w Mz;L 1960. MfNtjhd; mWgJfspy; kiyehl;by; ePz;lnjhU neLe;Japypd; gpd; rpypu;j;Jf; nfhz;nlOe;j ,yf;fpag; Gj;Jzu;r;rpapd; Kjw;Fuyhf ,r;rpWfijiaf; $wyhk; vd;W Muk;gj;jpy; $wpNdd;.

kiyehl;by; ke;jkile;jpUe;j ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfs;> capu;j;Jbg;Gld; nray;gl Muk;gpj;Js;sjw;fhd milahsq;fis ,e;jf; fhyg; gFjpapNyNa gutyhf ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

tPuNfrup ‘Njhl;l kQ;rup’ vd;Dk; gFjpia Muk;gpj;J kiyaf vOj;Jf;F xU gfpuq;ff; fsk; mikj;jik@ rpWfijg; Nghl;bfis kiyaf vOj;jhsu;fSf;fhf Vw;ghL nra;jik@ ‘kiyaf kf;fs; kd;wk;’ vd;Dk; gFjpia jpdfud; Muk;gpj;jik@ kiyKuR> kiyg;nghwp vd;W kiyafr; rQ;rpiffspd; Njhw;wk; Mfpa midj;Jk; xU fhyfl;lj;jpd; tpbnts;spahf mike;jd. ,it midj;jpw;Fk; NeubahfTk;> kiwKfkhfTk; fhuz fu;j;jhthf tpsq;fpatu; mkuu; ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs; vd;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;.

MfNt kiyafj;jpd; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; 1960 Mk; Mz;ilNa jw;fhy vy;iyahf ehk; nfhs;syhk;.

xU kiyafj;Jr; rpWfijf;F yl;rq;fspy; mopAk; gpugy gj;jpupifahd fy;fp guprspj;Jf; nfsutpj;jik> mg;NghJjhd; vOj;Jyfpy; <Lglj; njhlq;fpa kiyaf vOj;jhsu;fSf;F xU Kidg;ghd ce;J rf;jpahf mike;jJ.

kiyafj;jpd; ,e;j ,yf;fpa tpopg;Gf;Fk; fyhrhu kW kyu;r;rpf;Fk; cUtk; nfhLj;jitfshfg; gpd;tUgtw;iw ehk; nfhs;syhk;.

1. kiyehl;L ey;tho;T thypgu; rq;fj;jpd; njhw;wk;
2. tPuNfrupapd; Njhl;l kQ;rup
3. ,yq;if Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsu; rq;fj;jpd; gpuNjr ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; kz;thridg; gpurhuj;jpd; mOj;jk;
4. kiyehl;L vOj;jhsu; kd;wj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; mjd; rpWfij Nghl;bfSk;
5. kiyafr; rQ;rpiffspd; tuT

Kg;gJfspd; ,e;j ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpfSf;F Xu; Ik;gjhz;L fhyj;Jf;F Kd;gjhf 1869 ,y; kiyafj;jpy; ,Ue;J vOe;j Kjy; E}y; vd;Dk; ngUilAld; te;jpUf;fpwJ. ‘Nfhg;gpfpU\pf;Fk;kp’ vd;Dk; E}y;. ,jid vOjp ntspapl;ltu; Mgpu`hk; N[hrg; vd;Dk; Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lf; fz;lhf;lu;. 180 Mz;Lf;fhy kiyaf tuyhw;wpy; kiyaf ,yf;fpaj;Jf;F 135 Mz;Lfhy rupj;jpuj;ijj; Njbf; nfhLj;j ngUikAk; ,e;jf; Nfhg;gpf;fpU\pf;Fk;kpf;F cz;L.

mf;fhyj;jpy; kiyafj;jpy; mr;Rf; $lq;fs; VJk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; aho;g;ghzk; ];l;uhq; md;l; M];gup gpupz;lu;]; vd;Dk; mr;rfj;jpy; ,e;E}y; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

‘135 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; vOe;j kiyafj;jpd; Kjy; E}y; Nfhg;gpf;fpU\pf;Fk;kp’ vd;Dk; jd;Dila njhlu; fl;Liuapy; ,e;E}iyg; gw;wpa xU tpupthd Ma;tpidj; je;Js;shu; kiyaf Ma;twpQu; K.epj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs;.

kpf Neu;j;jpahf mr;rplg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,e;E}ypd; jiyg;G A CUMMI POEM ON COFFEE PLANTING WITH TRANSLATION vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sjhfTk; Fpwj;Jr; nrhy;fpd;whu; jpU.epj;jpahde;jd;. rku;g;gzk;’ vd;Dk; ,e;j E}Yf;fhd Kd;DiuAk; Mrpupau; Mq;fpyj;jpNyNa vOjpAs;shu;. Mq;fpyKk; jkpOk; fye;Nj gpuRuq;fspy; ,lk; ngWtJ mf;fhy tof;fk; jhd;.

1876 ,y; ntspte;j jkpopd; Kjy; ehtyhd ‘gpujhg Kjypahu; rupj;jpuj;jp’Yk; mjd; Kd;Diuia Mq;fpyj;jpNyNa vOjpAs;shu; Ntjehafk; gps;is mtu;fs;.

gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd; Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lf; FbNaw;wk; gw;wpAk; FbNawpa njd;dpe;jpaj; njhopyhsu;fspd; Nrhfk; kpFe;j tho;T gw;wpAk; MjhuG+u;tkhd Nkw;Nfhs;fSld; $Wk; xNu E}y; nlhNdhtd; Nkhy;l;wpr; (DONAVAN MOLDRICH) vOjp ntspapl;Ls;s BITTER BERRY BONTAGE vd;Dk; Mq;fpy E}y;.

‘Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs; ,yq;ifapy; elj;jg;gLk; tpjk; ntl;ff; Nflha; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nlhupq;ld; Njrhjpgjp fpNu (Grey) gpuGTf;F vOjpa mwpf;ifapy; njuptpf;fpd;whu;. gyu; gl;bdpahy; ,we;Jtpl;bUf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;W gpupl;b\; NjrhjpgjpNa njuptpf;fpd;whu;.

‘f\;lk; jhq;f Kbahky; Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lq;fis tpl;L Xba njhopyhsu;fis> thuz;Lfs; %yk; gpbj;J kiy ehl;bd; rpiwf;$lq;fspy; Mz;fs; ngz;fs; gps;isfs;; vd;W milj;J itf;fg;gl;bUg;gij vd; fz;fshNyNa fz;Nld;. vd;W fz;b khtl;l ePjthd; Njhk]; Ngu;tPf; $wpaijAk; nlhNdhtd; nkhy;l;wpr; jdJ gpl;lu; ngup nghz;Nl[; vd;Dk; E}ypy; Fwpf;fpd;whu;.

Rfkpy;iy vd;W rhf;Fr; nrhy;yp jpq;fl;fpoik Ntiyf;F tuhky; epw;gtu;fis nrt;tha;f;fpoik fhiy gpul;Lf;fsj;jpy; gpbj;J n[apYf;F mDg;gp itj;Njd;. ,g;NghJ xOq;fhf Ntiyf;F tUfpd;whu;fs; vd;W ngUik NgRfpd;whu;. Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lj;Jiu xUtu;.

Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspd; Jauf;fijfs; ,g;gb ,Uf;f> Nfhg;gpf; fpU\pf;Fk;kpapy; Mgpufhk; N[hrg; vd;d nra;fpd;whu;?

“Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lq;fspy; njhopyhsu;fs; vt;tsT rYiffis mDgtpf;fpwhu;fs;. vt;tsT re;Njh\khd tho;f;ifia mDgtpj;J kfpo;fpd;whu;fs;. ,q;F tUk;Kd; jk; nrhe;jj; jha;ehl;by; vt;tsT Nkhrkhd tho;f;ifia mDtpj;jhu;fs;. mjdhy; ,f;Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;l kf;fs; jkJ vrkhdu;fSf;F ed;wp tpRthrk; nfhz;ltu;fhsa;> mtu;fspd; Kd; gzpTs;stu;fsha; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vd;W cgNjrpf;fpd;whu;.

cly; ciog;gpy; <LgLk;NghJk; Xa;tpd;NghJk;> mYg;ig kwe;J cw;rhfk; ngw Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs; jkf;Fs; ghbj; jpupAk; gy;NtW tpjkhd Ml;Nrgfukhd ghly;fSf;Fg; Gjpa khw;wPlhf ,g;ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;Nsd;. ,j;Jiwapy; ,e;E}y; Kjy; Kaw;rp vd;whYk;> Nfhg;gpg; gapu; nra;if gw;wpa eilKiwg+u;tkhd gad;kpf;f gy jfty;fis ,e;E}y; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gjidAk; ngU kfpo;Tld; $wpf; nfhs;fpNwd;. vd;nwOfpd;whu; Nfhg;gpf; fpU\pf;Fk;kp ahj;j Mgpufhk; N[hrg;.

E}yhrpupaupd; ,f;$w;Wf;fs; cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghditfshfTk;> epahaj;jpd; gf;fk; epw;fhky; Jiuj;jdj;Jf;fhuu;fs; gf;fk; epw;gitfshfTk; ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. mNjNtisapy; cly; ciog;Gj; njhopyhsu;fs; mYg;Gj; jPug; ghLk; Ml;Nrgfukhd ghly;fSf;F xU khw;wPlhf ,g;ghly;fisg; gilj;jpUg;gjhfTk; ,tu; Kd;Diuapy; Fwpj;Js;shu;.

me;j 1860fspy;> xd;wiu E}w;whz;LfSf;FKd; Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;l ciog;ghsu;fs; ve;jtpjkhd ghl;Lfisg; ghbj; jpUe;jpUg;ghu;fs; ehl;lhu; ghly;fisj;jhd; ghbapUg;ghu;fs;.

“Cuhd Cupoe;Njd;@ xj;jg;gid Njhg;gpoe;Njd;

Nguhd fz;bapNy@ ngj;jjha eh kw;Njd;”

vd;Wk;

‘mb mse;J tPLfl;l@ ehk Mz;lkid mq;fpUf;f

gQ;rk; nghiog;gjw;F@ ghw;fliy jhz;b te;Njhk;>

gQ;rk; nghor;R ek;k@ gl;lzk; Ngha; NruypNa”

vd;Wk;

‘$dp mbr;rkiy Nfhg;gpf;fz;Z Nghl;l kiy

mz;zidj; Njhj;j kiy me;jh njupAJb” vd;Wk;

“Nfhzf; Nfhz kiyNawp Nfhg;gpg; gok; gwpf;ifapNy

xU gok; jg;gpr;Rd;D xijr;rhidah rpd;d njhiu’ vd;Wk;

vz;zpf; Fopntl;b ,Lg;nghbQ;R epf;ifapNy

ntl;L ntl;L vd;fpwhNd Ntiyaj;j fq;fhzp” vd;Wk;

“me;jhid Njhl;lKd;D Mirahfj;jhdpUe;Njd;

xU %l;ilj; J}f;fr;  nrhy;yp xijf;fpwhNd fz;lhf;F”

vd;Wk; ghbapUg;ghu;fs;.

Jiu> fz;lf;lu;> fq;fhzp Nghd;w Njhl;lj;J ehl;lhz;ikfis fbe;J nfhs;Sk; ,g;ghly;fSk;> Vd; te;Njhk; ,e;jf; fz;bf;F vd;W Vq;Fk; ghly;fSk; Ml;Nrgfukhd ghly;fshfg; gl;bUf;fpwJ fz;lf;lu; Mgpufhk; N[hrg;Gf;F.

Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lj;Jf; fz;lhf;luhd ,tUf;F ,k;kf;fspd; Nrhfkakhd tho;Tk;> mtu;fs; kj;jpapy; ghlg;gl;l ghly;fSk; ed;whfj; njupe;j xd;Nw. ,e;jg; ghly;fis tpl;L tpl;L ,tu; ,aw;wpa Fk;kpg; ghly;fisj; jhd; ,e;j kf;fs; ghl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf rpy;yiuf; fq;fhzpfSf;Fk; ,g;Gj;jfq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;jg; ghly;fs; ghbf; fhl;lg;gl;ld.

ehl;lhu; ghly;fs; tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;Jf;F Ke;jpait. $l;Liog;NghLk; $l;L tho;NthLk; njhlu;Gilait. ciog;gtu;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdit.

ciog;gtu;fspd; ghlYld; Kuz;gl;ljhy;> ciof;Fk; kf;fs; ehl;lhu; ghly;fisg; ghlhjpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ghlg;gl;ljhy;> Nfhg;gpf;fpU\pf; Fk;gpg; ghly;fSf;F ciof;Fk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; tuNtw;gpUf;ftpy;iy.

r%jha tpopg;Gzu;tpdhNyh> fiy ,yf;fpa vOr;rpapdhNyh> my;yJ mbikg;gl;Lg;Ngha;f; fplf;Fk; ,k;kf;fspd; mtyq;fis ntspf;nfhzu Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Xu; MNtrj;jpdhNyh vOjg;glhikapdhy; ,f;Fk;kpg; ghly;fs; ahj;j Mgpu`hk; N[hrg;gpw;F Xu; vOj;Jj; njhlulr;rpapid my;yJ ,af;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tY ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

MfNt vJtpj mirTkpd;wp xU neLe;Japypy; kiyafk; Mo;e;J Ngha;f; fple;jijg;NghyNt ,e;j E}Yk; fple;Jtpl;lJ.

MdhYk; ,f;Fk;kpg; ghly;fs; vOJtjw;fhd Nehf;fk; gw;wpa Mgpu`hk; N[hrg;gpd; Kd;Diuf; Fwpg;G kiyaf ehl;lhu; ghly;fis ‘Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lf; fhyg; ghly;fs;’ Njapiyij; Njhl;lf; fhyj;Jg; ghly;fs;’ vd;W gpupj;Jg; ghu;f;Fk; xU Njitia ,g;NghJ czu;j;JfpwJ.

‘fq;fhzp fhl;LNkNy

fz;lf;ifah Nwhl;L NkNy

nghbad; gonkLf;f – nghy;yhg;G Neu;e;jijah’

vd;gJ Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lf; fhyg; ghly;

‘Xb neu Gbr;R

xU $ilf; nfhOe;njLf;f

ghtpf; fzf;fg;Gs;s gj;J whj;jy; NghLwhNd’

vd;gJ Nfhg;gpf;Fg; gpd; vOe;j Njapiyj; Njhl;lf; fhyg; ghly;.

ehl;lhu; ghly;fSf;fhd vjpu; ghly;fs; $l ,e;j kiyafj;jpy; jhd; cjpj;jpUf;fpwd.

Nfh.eNlra;au; xU fhy; E}w;whz;L fhy jdJ kiyafr; rPu;j;jpUj;jr; nraw;ghLfspy; fy;tp gw;wpa vJtpjkhd mf;fiwfisAk; fhl;ltpy;iy.

mtUila uhkrhkp Nru;itapd; rupjk;$l Vo;ikAk;> cjtpapd;ikAk;> cwTfs; VJk; ,d;wpAk;> fy;tp ,y;yhkYk;cioj;J Kd;Ndwpaik gw;wpj;jhd; NgRfpwJ.

Mdhy; ,d Kuz;ghLfshYk;> ,d xLf;FKiwfshYk; Njrpa fy;tp mgptpUj;jp vd;gJ cUf;Fiiye;J NghapUe;j xU fhyfl;lj;jpy; fy;tp tha;g;GfSf;fhfTk; ,isa jiyKiwapdupd; MSik tpUj;jpf;fhfTk; rpYit Rke;jtu; mkuu; ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs;. kiyaff; fy;tp kugpy; ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fSk;> nre;J}ud; mtu;fSk; cUthf;fpa xU guk;giu kiyafk;> kiyaff; fy;tp> kiyafr; r%fk; gw;wpa rpe;jidfSld; nraw;gLtjidAk; epidtpy; nfhs;tJ mtrpakhfpwJ.

kiyaff;fy;tp gw;wpa Ma;Tfspd; ikaj;Jld; ij. jduh[; mtu;fs; vOjpAs;s xLf;fg;gl;Nlhu; fy;tp Nghd;w fy;tp rk;ge;jkhd

kiyafj; jkpou; tuyhW – rhuy;ehld;

,yq;if ,e;jpau; tuyhW – Nrh.re;jpuNrfud;

kiyafk; (kiyaf murpay; tuyhW) – m.Nyhuz;];

kiyaf ,e;jpa tk;rhtspapdu; ,USk; xspAk; - v];.,uhkehjd;

,dj;Jtt Kuz;ghLfSk; kiyaf kf;fSk; xU gy;gf;fg;ghu;it

Nghd;w E}y;fspd; tUiffSk; ,tw;wpd; mWtilfs; jhd;.

Vgpu`hk; N[hrg;gpd; Nfhg;gpfpU\pf;Fk;kp fhyj;ijg; NghyNt> Kg;gJf;Fk; mWgJfSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyKk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gJTk; xU NtjidAld; cs;thq;fg;gl Ntz;baNj.

eNlra;aupd; ,k;kf;fspd; vOr;rpf;fhd mj;jid nraw;ghLfSk; xU njhlu;r;rpapy;yhky;> Nrhk;gy; Kwpj;Jf; nfhz;L vOj;njhlq;fp kPz;Lk; gLj;Jf;nfhz;ljhfptpl;lJ.

,yf;fpar; nrOikaw;w xU r%fk; cwf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; xU r%fkhf> NehAw;wpUf;Fk; xU r%fkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. kiyafKk; mg;gbj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ.

,yf;fpaj;jpd; Njhw;wk;> mjd; kWkyu;r;rp> ,yf;fpar; nrOik> Mfpait fy;tp> mjd;%yk; Vw;gLk; rpe;jidtpupT> tho;tpd; kPjhd kjpg;gPL Nghd;witfshy; Vw;gLtJ.

Mq;fpyf; fy;tp ngWk; tha;g;Gk;  gl;bzq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W fy;tp fw;Fk; trjpAk; kiyafj;jpd; Nky;kl;lj;jpdu; xU rpyUf;Ff; fpilj;jpUe;jJ.

mg;gbf;fpilj;j fy;tp %yk; kiyaf kz;Zf;F fpilj;jtu;jhd; rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is.

tl;lf;nfhil rpWefiu mz;kpj;j klf;nfhk;giuj; Njhl;lj;Jg; ngupa fq;fhzpapd; kfdhd fz;zg;gd; NtYrpq;fj;jpd; kfdhf 1914 y; gpwe;jtu; rp.tp.

klf;nfhk;giu Njhl;lg; ghlrhiyapy; jdJ Muk;gf;fy;tpiaj; njhlq;fp> `l;ld; i`yz;l;]; fy;Y}upapy; njhlu;e;J nfhOk;G ehye;jhtpy; Nkl;wpFNyrd; tiu gapd;wtu;.

Kg;gJfspNyNa tp];kh[pdp vd;Dk; Mq;fpyf;ftpij E}iy ntspapl;ltu;. 1934 y; jh$u; ,yq;if te;jpUe;j NghJ jd;Dila Mq;fpy ftpij ehlf E}iy jh$uplk; ifaspj;J MrPu;thjk; ngw;wtu; kf;fs; ftpkzp vd;W Nghw;wg;gLk; ekJ kiyaff; ftpQu; rp.tp.mtu;fs;. mg;NghJ mtUf;F taJ 18 kpf ,sk; tajpNyNa – khztg; gUtj;jpNyNa – rp.tp.vOj;jpy; nfhz;bUe;j Mu;tk; GydhfpwJ.

gf;fk; 28> 29> 30 ,y; rp.tp Mq;fpyj;jpy; vd;gjpypUe;J gf;fk; 44 tiu

eNlra;aiuj; njhlu;e;J kiyaf vOj;Jyfpy; gpuNtrpj;J> kiyaf ,yf;fpak; vd;Dk; xU kuGf;F tpj;jpl;ltuhf ek; Kd; vOe;J epw;gtu; rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is. 1931 ,y; tp];kh[pdp 1948 ,y; topg;Nghf;fd; Mfpa ,uz;L ftpij ehlf Mq;fpy E}y;fis ntspapl;bUe;jhYk; 1950 f;Fg; gpwNf kiyehl;L kz; tsk; kpf;fjhd kiyaf kf;fspd; tpbTf;Ff; fhyha; mikAk; gilg;Gfisj; juj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

Kg;gJfSf;F Kd;ndOe;j kiyaf ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa jd;Dila ‘GJik ,yf;fpak;’ vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy; rp.tp.Na ,g;gb vOJfpd;whu;.

‘kiyehl;by; cs;stu;fs; vOj;jwptpy; Fiwe;jtu;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; gz trjpAs;s ngupa tPl;Lg; gps;isfs; Mq;fpyKk; jkpOk; gbf;ff;$ba trjp ngw;wtu;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;’ vd;Wk;

‘jh$u; rNuh[pdp Nghd;w ,e;jpaf; ftpQu;fspd; gilg;GfSk; khl;u;d; uptpA+. ,d;bad; uptpA+ Mfpa rQ;rpiffSk; ngupa tPl;Lg; gps;isfis kpfTk; ftu;e;jd. ,e;j ce;Jjypy; Ml;gl;ltu;fshd rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is Nf.fNz\; MfpNahu; vOj;Jyfg; gpuNtrk; nra;jdu;’ vd;Wk;

jkpo; ehl;by; ,Ue;J tUk; Gytu;fs;> ftpQu;fs; MfpNahu; ,g;ngupa tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;W jq;fp ciuahbg; Nghthu;fs;. ,tu;fspd; tUif ,yf;fpa czu;r;rpia tsu;j;jJ’ vd;Wk; vOfpd;whu;.

mg;gbahd xU ngupa tPl;Lg; gps;isjhd; xU rfhg;jj;jpd; Fuy; vd kiyafj;jpy; xypj;j mkuu; rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is vd;gij ek;khy; ,yFthfg; Gupe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.

‘mwpthspfSk;> ftpQu;fSk;> Gytu;fSk; jkpo; ehl;bypUe;J rptndhspghjkiy> fjpu;fhkk; ahj;jpiuia Nkw;nfhz;L ,q;F tUJz;L vd;W rp.tp $wpajw;Fk; ,tu;fspd; ahj;jpiu trjpf;fhfg; gy eyd;Gupr; rq;fq;fs; Njhd;wpd. gJisapy; tp.Qhdgz;bjd;nrl;bahu; epWtpa gJis rkj;Jt Nrth rq;fk; ahj;upfupd; trjpAld; gy r%fg; gzpfisAk; nra;jJ’ vd;W Nf.fNz\; $Wtjw;Fk; neUq;fpa njhlu;G ,Uf;fpwJ (fz;b tsu;j;j jkpo; mfpyk; fl;Liu – rpj;jhu;j;jd;)

,isQu; rp.tp.NtYg;gps;isf;F ftp jh$u; kPJ mstw;w <LghL ,Ue;jJ xU gj;jp$l ,Ue;jJ. MfNtjhd; jdJ gjpNdohtJ tajpy; jhd; ahj;j ftpij ehlf Mq;fpy E}iy jh$u; ,yq;if te;jpUe;jNghJ mtuplk; gf;jp rpuj;ijAld; ifaspj;J Mrp ngw;W kfpo;e;jpUf;fpd;whu;.

rpWfij> ehty;> ehlfk;> fl;Liu> ftpij> ghly; ,Wjpahf Xtpak; vd;W midj;Jj; JiwfisAk; ifahz;ltu; jh$u;. Mdhy; mtu; rhjid fhl;baJk; jdp Kj;jpiu gjpj;jjJTk; ftpijapy; jhd;!

rp.tp.Ak; kf;fs; ftpkzp vd;Wjhd; Nghw;wg;gl;lhu;. In Ceylon Tea Gardens vd;Dk; ,tUila Mq;fpyf; ftpij E}y; gw;wpa kjpg;Giuapy; ‘,yq;if Njrj;jpd; jh$u;’ vd;W vOjpAs;sJ fy;fp. gk;gha; ghujN[hjp. nrd;id `pe;J ,d;bad; uptpA+ Nghd;witfSk; ,e;j E}y; gw;wp rpyhfpj;J vOjp ,Ue;jd.

tp];kh[pdpf;Fg;gpwF ‘topg;Nghf;fd;’ (Wayfarer) vd;Dk; Mq;fpy trd ftpij (Prose Poems) E}iy 1948 ,y; ntspapl;lhu;. ,tUila 50f;F Ke;jpa vOj;Jf;fs; jh$u; ghzpapyike;j moFk; czu;Tg; ngUf;Fk; nfhz;l ftpijfshfNt ,Ue;jd.

‘Ks;Kbiaf; fow;wp itj;Jtpl;L ntspNa te;Njd;’ vd;W Re;juuhkrhkp Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJNghy;>

Gwf;fzpg;gl;lJk; xLf;fg;gl;lJkhd kiyaf r%fj;jpd; mtyepiyfisj; jkpopd; vy;iyfSf;Fg;ghYk; nfhz;L nrd;wtu; rp.tp.Njhl;lj;J kf;fspd; gupjhgufkhd tho;f;ifia ntspAyfpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; gzpapid ,tUila 50f;Fg; gpe;jpa Mq;fpyg;g gilg;Gfs; kpf mUikahfr; nra;jd.

1954 ,y; ntspte;j ‘,yq;ifj; Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy’ vd;Wk; Mq;fpyf; ftpij E}Ny ,tUf;F VNfhgpj;j GfioAk;> gutyhd mwpKfj;ijAk; Xu; ,yf;fpa me;j];j;ijAk; <l;bj; je;jJ. Mq;fpy %yj;jpypUe;J u\;a nkhopapy; nkhop ngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;jf; ftpij E}y; 1969 ,y; XtpaUk; ftpQUkhd rf;jp m.ghiyahtpdhy; jkpopy; nkhop ngau;j;J ntspaplg;gl;lJ. nra;jpg; gjpg;gfk; ,g;gzpapidr; nra;Js;sJ.

ed;F gz;gLj;jg;gl;l Xu; ,Ujaj;ij kiyafk; jd; tuyhw;wpy; tUbaNghJ ,ay;gha; cUz;l vOj;Jfs; ,it.

rp.tp Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjp mtuhNyNa jkpo;g;gLj;jg;gl;L jpdfudpy; njhluhf ntsp te;j ehty; “The Borderland”

ehopf;F ehop tPjpapy;

epd;W vd

ahopid vLj;J fPjj;ij

,irg;Ngd;!....

<oj;jpd; khDlu;f;fha;

tay; Gy;

ntspfspYk; Njapiy ug;gu; Njhl;lq;

fspYk; gpwe;jpl;l

khDlu;f;fha; ….

Mk; ehd; fhjypf;Fk;

mtu;fSf;fha;……?

vd;gJ Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy vd;Dk; E}Yf;fhd rp.tpapd; rku;g;gz tupfs;.

jh$upd;ghy; ,UtUf;Fz;lhd kjpg;ig> <Lghl;il ,it Jy;ypakhff; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

mkuu; rp.tp.rpWfij vOjtpy;iy@ Mdhy; kiyafj;jpd; ,yf;fpa tpopg;Gzu;r;rpf;F ,ttu; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;G kfj;jhdJ.

‘ehd; xU ftpQd; my;y@ vOj;jhsd;$l my;y@ Mdhy; vOJtjw;F ehd; Nju;e;njLj;j fUg;nghUl;fNs ,d;iwa vdJ ngUikf;Ff; fhuzk; ciof;Fk; ,e;j kiyafj;J kf;fisg; gw;wp vOj Muk;gpj;j  gpwNf ehd; ngUikg;gLj;jg;gl;Nld;’ vd;W gpw;fhyj;jpy; rp.tp.mbf;fb $WtJz;L.

kQ;Nrup <];tud; 1935 ,y; Short Story vd;W khj rQ;rpif ntspapl;lijg;Nghy; ‘fij’ vd;nwhU khj rQ;rpifiaAk; rp.tp.ntspapl;lhu;.  Fangyfield – Talangama vd;Dk; tpyhrj;jpypUe;J ‘fij’ Xu; ,jo; kl;LNk te;jJ. rf;jP ghy Iahtpd; ml;il Xtpaj;Jld; ehw;gJ rj tpiyapy; ntspte;j ,t;tpjopd; jiyaq;fsj;jpy; rp.tp. ,g;gb vOJfpd;whu;.

“jkpo; ehl;bypUe;J gy;NtW gj;jpupiffs; tUfpd;wd@ ekJ Gj;jfrhiyfis myq;fupf;fpd;wd@ ekJ fiyiaAk; fyhrhuj;ijAk; ekJ gz;ghl;bw;Nfw;gg; ghJfhf;fTk; cjTfpd;wd.

“jkpo; ,yf;fpa [Ptejp ngUf;nfLj;Njhl ehk; nfhz;Ls;s gq;F vd;d? ekJ ,jaj;jpd; Jbg;gpNy rpe;jidapd; Xl;lj;jpNy Gjpa gy vOj;Njhtpaq;fs; gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; gzpiar; nra;tNj fijapd; Nehf;fk; my;y. ehl;bNy Nfhu eu;j;jdk; GupAk; tWikiaAk; Jd;gj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;l fij KaYk;. mj;NjhL ehl;by; fij tsu Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ekJ mth!

‘,yq;if vOj;jhsu;fspd; ,d;gg; gilg;Gfisj; jkpo; kf;fSf;Ff; fij rku;g;gpf;Fk; njhopyhsu;fsplj;jpNy Njhd;wpAs;s ,sk; vOj;jhsu;fis Cf;Ftpj;J> mtu;fs; ,yf;fpak; gilf;f ‘fij’ ,jpypUe;J rp.tp.apd; ,yf;fpa Nehf;fk; Gupfpd;wJ.

kiyaf ,yf;fpa Kd;Ndhb Nf.fNz\; kzpf;nfhbapy; rpWfij vOjpatu;. Kf;uh[; Mde;jpd; “Untouchables” ehtiy jPz;lj;jfhjtd; vd;W 1947 ,y; nkhop ngau;j;jtu;. Nf.fNz\; vd;wJk; Kjypy; kdjpy; Njhd;WtJ ,e;j nkhop ngau;g;G ehtNy. jd;Dila ftpijf;fhf [g;ghd; rf;futu;j;jpaplk; gupR ngw;wtu; ,tu;. Mdhy; ,tUf;F Xupyf;fpa me;j];j;ij nfhLg;gJ [g;ghd; rf;futu;j;jpaplk; gupR ngw;w ‘Nkfk;’ ftpijay;y. kzpf;nfhbapy; vOjpa rpWfijfs; my;y. ,uz;LtUlkhf mtu; ntspapl;l ghujp vd;Dk; Kw;Nghf;F rQ;rpifay;y. ,itfs; midj;Jk; mtUila ,yf;fpa nraw;ghl;bd; Jiz tpisTfNs.

,tUf;fhd ,yf;fpa nfsutj;jpid ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ ,tUila nkhopg;ngau;g;G gzpfs;. Ko;f;uh[; Mde;jpw;F gpwF Nf.V.mg;gh];> gpNuk;re;j; N`hrpkpd;> Y}Rd;> ghu;guh> Fg;upahNdht; vd;W ,tUila nkhopngau;G tpuptile;jJ. ftpQu; gj;jpupifahrpupau;> gj;jpupif ntspaPl;lhsu;> nkhopngau;g;ghsu;> fyhrhu mikr;rpd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa MNyhrid rigapd; Kd;dhy; cWg;gpdu;> vOj;jhsu; rq;fq;fis cUthf;fpatu;> rpWfij vOj;jhsu; vd;W gy rpwg;Gfis nfhz;l %j;jwpQuhf tpsq;Fgtu; Nf.fNz\;.

khj;jis fhu;j;jpNfR> khj;jis NrhK> khj;jis nry;th> khj;jis kyud;gd;> khj;jis tbNtyd; vd;W 60f;Fg; gpe;jpatu;fs; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; khj;jisia ,lk;ngwr; nra;jdu;. ,tu;fSf;F Kd;gjhfNt Kg;gJfspy; jd;Dila ngaUld; khj;jisia ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L vOjpatu; khj;jis mUNzru;.

Nffhiy rd;dpfpwhg; Njhl;lj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;. ,yq;ifapYk; jkpofj;jpYk; fy;tp gapd;wtu;. Njapiyj; Njhl;lf; fz;lf;luhfg; gzpahw;wpatu;.

guyp.R.ney;iyag;gu; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;J elj;jpa NyhNfhgfhup thu ,jopNyNa fl;Liufs; vOj Muk;gpj;jhu;. mkpu;j FzNghjpdp Mde;jNghjpdp jpq;fs;@ kQ;rup> fiykfs; Nghd;w jkpofg; gj;jpupiffspy; ,tuJ fij – fl;Liufs; ntspte;jd. ,itfs; nghJthd fl;Liufsha; mike;jdNtad;wp kiyafj;Jf;fhd kz;zpd; kzj;Jld; mikatpy;iy.

Nfh.eNlra;au; elj;jpa Njrgf;jd;> ,yq;if ,e;jpad; VLfspYk;> kw;Wk; tPuNfrup> jpdgjp rpe;jhkzp Nghd;w <oj;Jr; rQ;rpiffspYk; ,tUila vOj;Jf;fs; ,lk; ngw;wd.

,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs; ,yq;if thndhyp %ykhf kiyafj;jpd; epiyikfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kpf rpukj;Jld; Muk;gpj;j Fd;wpd; Fuy; thndhyp epfo;tpw;F khj;jis mUNdru; mtu;fis v];.b.rptehafk; mtu;fs; Neu;fhzy; nra;j epfo;r;rpg;gw;wpa jfty;fis rhuy; ehld; jdJ ,isQu; jsgjp ,u.rptypq;fk; vDk; E}ypy; jUfpd;whu;.

50 fspy; ,yf;fpag; gpuNtrk; nra;jtu; gz;lhutisiag; gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;l j.u/Ngy;. xU Njhl;lf; fz;lf;lupd; kfd;.

xU Gifg;glf; fiiyQuhd ,tu; $Ljyhd thndhyp ehlfk; vOjpatuhFk;.

Nfs;tpg;gl;lhy;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l me;j cj;jpNahfj;ju; Kjy; jlit vr;rupf;if. ,uz;lhtJ jlit mguhjk;> %d;whtJ jlit Ntiy ePf;fk; vd;W epu;thf uPjpahfTk; (Njhl;l cjljpNahfj;ju;fs;) jdpikg; gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jdu;.

ntsp cyfj; njhlu;gpd;wp> gpw ,d kf;fSld; Ngrg; gof re;ju;gq;fspd;wp> njhl;l kf;fs; Njhl;lq;fSf;Fs;NsNa jdpikg; gLj;jg;gl;L me;epag;gl;bUe;jijg;Nghy; Njhl;l cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSk; Njhl;l kf;fspypUe;J me;epag;gl;Nl ,Ue;jdu;@ me;epag;gLj;jg;gl;Nl ,Ue;jdu;.

,J Ik;gJfspy; vOj te;j fz;lf;lua;ahtpd; kfd; u/NgYf;F kl;Lky;y@ mWgJfspd; gpd; vOj te;jtu;fSf;Fk; nghJthf ,Ue;j xU epiyikjhd;.

,e;j me;epak;jhd; u/Ngypd; fijfspy; kiyaf kz;Zk; tho;Tk; Mokhfg; gjpahikf;fhd fhuzk; vd;W nfhs;tJ xU NkNyhl;lkhd Nehf;NfahFk;. ‘Jd;fpe;j rhuypy;’ vd;Dk; jdJ fl;Liuapy; Xuplj;jpy; jpU.epj;jpahde;jd; $Wfpd;whu;. vd;.v];.vk;.uhikah@ njsptj;ij N[hrg; MfpNahUf;F Kd;Ng vOj Muk;gpj;Jtpl;l xU fhyg;gFjpia fUj;jpw; nfhz;L u/Ngypd; fijfisg; ghu;g;gJ mtrpak; vd;W.

vOj te;j fhyj;ijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtrpakhdJ my;y vd;Nw ehd; fUfpd;Nwd;.

GJikg;gpj;jdpd; MSik. mtUila eil. mtu; ifahz;l ehyhtpjkhd fUg;nghUl;fs;> mtUila fpz;ly;> ,d;d gpw mj;jidAlDk; gupr;rakhfpf; nfhz;Lk;$l mtUf;Fg; gpd; vOj te;jtu;fspy; ahu; mtiu kPwp cau;e;jtu;fs; Nktp epd;wtu;.

kiyafk; vd;w czu;T Vw;glhikNa ,tu;fSila gilg;Gfspy; kiyafk; tpyfpg; Ngha;tpLtjw;fhd Kf;fpaf; fhuzkhFk;.

rp.tpapd; ‘fij’ Vl;Lf;F vOjpa ‘jpwik’ vd;Dk; fijapy; Njhl;lj;J MgPRk; ngupa fpshu;f;Fk;> JiuAk;> nfhOk;gpypUe;J tUk; Mbl;lUk; tUfpd;wdu;.

Nguhrpupau; ifyhrgjp vd;.v];.vk;.uhikahTf;Fr;; nrhd;dJ NghyNt. kf;fs; ftpkzp rp.tpAk; jhd; ntspapltpUf;Fk; rQ;rpiff;F kiyafj;ijf; fskhff; nfhz;l fijNa Ntz;Lk; vd;W u/NgYf;Fr; nrhy;ypapUf;ff;$Lk;.

jpdfuDf;fhfg; Nguhrpupauplk; uhikah nfhLj;j fij. xU $ilf; nfhOe;J.

fijf;fhf rp.tpaplk; u/Ngy; nfhLj;j jpwik.

xU $ilf; nfhOe;J vd;.v];.vk; uhikah vd;Dk; mtUila ngaiuNa kiwj;J xU $ilf; nfhOe;J uhikah vd;W xU ,yf;fpag; ngaiuNa mtUf;Fr; #l;btpl;Ls;sJ. ‘jpwik’ u/Ngiy xd;WNk nra;J tpltpy;iy.

‘xU $ilf; nfhOe;J” uhikahtpd; Kjy; fij. mNjNghy; ‘ghu;tjp’ kyud;gdpd; Kjy; fij.

kiyehl;bd; tho;f;ifiaAk;> mtu;fSila eilKiwg; Ngr;R tof;fj;ijAk; fyh KOikAld; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;l fij xU $ilf; nfhOe;J. mJ uhikahtpd; Kjy; fij. kyud;gdpd; Kjw;fijahd ghu;tjpAk; me;jf; fijapd; juj;ij vl;bg; gpbf;fpd;wJ vd;nwOJfpd;whu; v];.nghd;Dj;Jiu. (fijtsk; VL ,uz;L. iFuhkd;@ jpdgjpapd; jpdnkhU rpWfijspd; tpku;rd E}y;)

kyud;gidg; nghWj;jtiu Kd;dhy; ntl;lg;gl;l ghij ,Ue;jJ. topfhl;bfs; rpyu; ,Ue;jdu;. kiyafj;ijg; gw;wpa fijjhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; epu;ge;jk; ,y;yhkNyNa ghu;tjpiaj; jUk; tha;g;G ,Ue;jJ. me;j tha;g;G u/NgYf;F ,y;iy vd;gJ cz;ikjhd; vd;whYk;> vd;v];.vk;.uhikahTf;Fk;> njsptj;ij N[hrg;Gf;Fk;$l me;j tha;g;G ,y;iyjhd;.

kiyehl;L ghj;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;l xU fij Ntz;Lk; vd;W ifyhrgjp mtu;fs; Nfl;lNghJ> rup vd;W jiyia Ml;btpl;L te;jhYk;. gpwFjhd; jiyia cilj;Jf; nfhz;L Nahrpj;Njd;. ez;gu; fdfuj;jpdj;jplk; ,J gw;wpf; $wpNdd;. ePz;l Neuk; fye;jhNyhrpj;Njhk; vd;W vd;.v];.vk;. $WtjpypUe;J ifapy; tprh ,Ue;jJ. Ngha;r;Nru topjhd; njupatpy;iy vd;gJ GydhfpwJ. jhq;fNs ghijAk; ntl;bg; gazKk; Nghf Ntz;ba epiy ,tu;fSf;fpUe;jJ vd;W jpU.epj;jpahde;jd; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LtJk; ,ijNajhd;.

topAk; njupe;J gazj;Jf;Fk; iju;aj;Jld; jahuhd gpe;jp te;jtu;fSf;F tprhjhd; fpilf;f khl;Nld; vd;wpUe;jJ NtW fij.

u/Ngypd; ‘jpwik’ vd;Dk; fijapd; fU mw;GjkhdJ. yaj;jpd; Mwbf; fhk;gpuhTf;Fs; mbikahf itf;fg;gl;bUe;j $ypf;fhuupd; kfdhd gj;J vd;Dk; gj;kehjd;> Njhl;lj;JiuAk;> ngupa fpshu;f;Fk; gaj;Jld;  vjpu;g;ghu;f;Fk; fzf;Fg; gupNrhjfuhf nfhOk;Gj; jiyik mYtyfj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;J epw;fpd;whd; vd;why;……

Njhl;lj;J MgP];fSf;F mtu;fSila fzf;F tof;Ffisg; gupNrhjpf;f Mbl;lu;fs; tUtJ Njhl;lg; ghlrhiyfSf;F ,d;];ngf;lu; tUtij tplTk; mr;rj;JlDk; gagf;jpAlDk; vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;Fk; xU rlq;F.

nts;isf;fhuj; JiuapypUe;J Fl;bf; fpshf;fu; tiu Mbl; tUfpwJ. Mbl; tUfpwJ. Mbl; tUfpwJ vd;W Myha;g; gwg;ghu;fs;. vj;jid ehs; ,Uf;fg; Nghfpwhu;fNsh njupatpy;iy. vq;Nf jq;Fthu;fs;> eilKiw trjpfs; vg;gb ehk; VjhtJ trjpfs; nra;J nfhLj;jhy; mijAk; jg;ghd mu;j;jj;Jld; vLj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fNsh njupatpy;iy vd;W jLkhwpj; jj;jspg;ghu; Jiu.

mg;Ngw;gl;l rf;jp kpf;f MgPruhf xU Njhl;lj; njhopyhspapd; kfd; te;J epw;gnjd;why;………..

njhz;Z}Wfspy; my;y Ik;gJfspy;! u/Ngy; mtu;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;G fdkpf;fJ. nfsutj;Jf;FupaJ.

u/Ngypd; vOj;J kpfTk; vspikahdJ@ thrpg;gtu;fisj; njhe;juT nra;ahjJ@ rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;lhjJ@ rg;ngd;Wk; thrpf;fyhk;@ rl;nld;W kwe;Jk; tplyhk;.

“gj;jpupiff; fijfs; gj;jpupiff; fijfs;” vd;W fh.eh.R. jiyahy; mbj;Jf; nfhz;lhNu me;j uff; fijfs;. mLj;j ,jo; tUk;NghJ Ke;ja ,jOld; gorhfpg; Ngha;tpLk; fijfs;.

‘gj;Jitg; gw;wpa epidT mtd; trpj;j yaj;ij epidTf;Fs; nfhz;L tUfpwJ u/NgYf;F’

‘ehd; mYtyfk; nry;Yk; topapy;jhd; gj;Jtpd; yak; ,Ue;jJ. mijf; fhZk;NghJ rpW tajpy; vq;fs; tPl;bypUe;j Gwhf; $z;Ljhd; epidtpy; tUk;. xU ePz;l ngl;bapy; Jthuk; Jthukhf mikj;J xt;nthU Jthuj;Jf;Fs;Sk; ,uz;L Gwhf;fs; kl;LNk ,Ug;gjw;Fg; NghJkhd ,lk; itj;J….”

u/Ngypd; jpwik vd;Dk; fijapy; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspd; yak; mwpKfkhFk; tpjk; ,J.

Mdhy; ,Nj ‘yak;’ vd;Wk; kdj;jpy; epw;Fk; tz;zk; mwpKfk; ngWfpwJ gupG+uzdpd; nja;tjuprdk; vd;Dk; fijapy;. ,Ul;Lf;Fs; gaj;Jld; elf;Fk; xUtd; kiyfis> kuq;fis> mUtpapd; Xyq;fis me;j ,Uspd; gaq;fuj;Jld; ghu;j;jthNw tpiufpd;whd;.

jpBnud tise;J jpUk;gpa kiyg;ghijapd; rpwpJ J}uj;jpy; njhopyhsu;fspd; tPLfs; njupe;jd. ,utpy; eLtopapy; Nfhr;rp epw;gJ Nghy; ntspr;rq;fs; tupirahfj; njupfpd;wd.

,uz;L Gwq;fSf;F kl;LNk NghJkhd ,lk; nfhz;l Gwhf;$z;L Jthuq;fistpl FQ;Rk; FOthDk; ngupatu;fSk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSkhfj; jpKjpKf;Fk; uapy; ngl;b ctkhdk; vg;gb cs;sj;Jf;Fs; CLWtpr; nry;fpwJ?

rw;Nw fz;fis %b ‘,utpy; J}uj;Nj njupAk; yaj;ijAk; eLtopapy; epd;Wtpl uapiyAk;’ kzf;fz;zhy; ghUq;fs;. vj;jid mUikahd ctkhdk;!

Njhl;lj;jpy; fd;lf;lua;ah vd;gtu; kpfTk; rf;jp tha;e;jtu;. Jiuf;F mLj;j ];jhgdk; mtUilaJjhd;. ,e;jg; gjtpf;F nts;isf;fhud; vLgl;lhy; rpd;dJiu vd;Dk; me;j];j;Jld; xU rpy Ntiyfisf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs;. ek;ktu;fs; vd;why; fz;lf;lu; vd;ghu;fs;Nt\;bAk; ntWk; fhYkhf ,Ug;gu; vd;why; ngupa fzf;Fg;gps;is vd;ghu;fs;. nra;Ak; NtiyAk; gjtpapd; rf;jpAk; xd;Wjhd; rpW rpW tpj;jpahrq;fSld;.

xU fz;lf;lupd; kfdhfg; gpwe;J nrhFrhd tho;Tld; nrd;N[hrg;]; Nghd;w ngupa ghlrhiyg; gbg;Gld; kpd;rhu rig cj;jpNahfj;Jld; xU Nky;kl;l kdg;ghq;Fld; ,Ue;J tpl;Lg; Nghfhky;> xU yaj;Jr; rpWtid ngupa MgPruhf;fpg; ghu;f;Fk; me;jg; ngupa kdk; nfhz;ltuhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhNu i/Ngy;@ mijj;jhd; Nghw;Wfpd;Nwhk;@ mjw;fhfj;jhd; mtiug; gw;wpag; NgRfpd;Nwhk;@ vOJfpd;Nwhk;.

jpdfud;> tPuNfrup> FKjk;> fij> ru];tjp etcjak; Mfpa VLfspy; ,Ugj;ije;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l fijfis vOjpAs;s u/Ngy; thndhyp ehlq;fSk; Nkil ehlfq;fSk;$l vOjpapUf;fpd;whu;. xU fhyj;jpy; ,yq;if thndhypapd; ehlfg; gFjp nghWg;ghsuhftpUe;j Nf.vk;.thrfupd; NguhjuNt jd;id $Ljyhd thndhyp ehlfq;fs; vOjj; J}z;baJ vd;fpd;whu; mtu;. rpy ehlfq;fs; ml;ldpy; NkilNaw;wg;gl;Lk; cs;sd. xU rpy ftpijfSk; vOjpAs;s ,tu;. ,yf;fpaj;Jld; jd;id XusT <LgLj;jpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whu;.

,e;j kf;fspd; epiyia gw;wpa rpe;jidfs; gbj;j kiyaf ,isQu; kj;jpapy; xU Mj;jpuk; kpFe;j FKwyhfg; Gife;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ.

kiyafk; vd;Dk; Nfh\j;ij Kd; itj;J ,tu;fSff;F xU milahsj;ijf; Njbj;ju gbj;j kiyaf ,isQu;fs; xd;wpize;J cUthf;fpf; nfhz;l mikg;G kiyehl;L ey;tho;T thypgu; rq;fk;. murpay; kw;Wk; r%f czu;Tfis cUthf;Ftjpy; ,J Nghd;w ,isQu; ,af;fq;fs; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpAs;sd.

kiyafj;jpd; jiyefuhd fz;bia ikakhff; nfhz;L ,aq;fj; njhlq;fpa kiyehl;L ey;tho;T thypgu; rq;fj;jpd; jiytuhfj; njupT nra;ag;gl;ltu; ,isQu; jsgjp vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;l ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs;.

gJis> ml;ld;> ehtyg;gpl;b khj;jis vd;W fpisfs; mikj;J gzpahw;wpa rq;fk; ,J.

kiyafj;jpy; cau; fy;tp ngw;wtu;fshf XupUtu; kl;LNk ,Ue;j ehl;fs; mit.

Njhl;lj;jpy; gpwe;J Njhl;lg;ghlrhiyapy; fy;tpia Muk;gpj;J i`yd;rpy; fy;tpia njhlu;e;J nrd;idapy; gl;lg;gbg;Gg; gbj;Jj; jpUk;gpatu; ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs;.

jhd; fy;tp fw;w fy;Y}upahd i`yd;]; fy;Y}upapy; Mrpupauhfg; gpd; mjpguhfg; gzpahw;wpa ehl;fs; tuyhW gilj;jit.

kiyehL kiyehL vd;W ghLNthk; kiyKuriwe;J kiy kf;fs; tho;Tau;j;JNthk; vd;gijNa RNyhfkhff; nfhz;L 52 fhrpy; tPjp fz;b vd;Dk; KftupapypUe;J ntspte;j kiy KuR kiyehl;L ey;tho;T thypgu; rq;fj;jpd; mjpfhuG+u;tkhd Vlhf ntspte;jJ.

,jd; rpwg;ghrpupau; ‘kiyehl;L v];.eNlrd;’ $l;lhrpupau;fs; f.g.rptk;> ftpQu; K.F.<of;Fkhu; MfpNahu;.

f.g.rptKk; <of;FkhUk; elj;jpa Kj;jkpo; Kof;fk; vd;Dk; rQ;rpifNa kiyehl;L ey;tho;T thypgu; rq;fj;Jf;fhf kiyKurhf khw;wg;gl;lJ. gbj;j ,isQu;fspd; ,af;fKk; kiyKuR vDk; Vl;bd; ,izTk; kiyaf vOj;JfSf;F xU tp];jhukhd fsj;ijAk; tPupaj;ijAk; cUthf;fpd.

kzpf;nfhb jkpofj;jpy; nra;jij kWkyu;r;rp aho;g;ghzj;jpy; nra;jij kiyKuR kiyg; gpuhe;jpa vOj;jhsu;fspilNa nra;jJ vd;W jd;Dila kiyafk; tsu;j;j jkpo; vd;Dk; E}ypy; Fwpf;fpd;whu; rhuy; ehld;.  jutis grhu; bf;NfhahtpypUe;J ,u.ghyh vd;gtiu MrpupauhfTk; ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fis MNyhrfuhfTk; nfhz;L ntspte;j VL kiyg;nghwp.

cwTf;F rpq;fsk; capUf;F jkpo;> cyFf;F Mq;fpyk; vd;gJ kiyKuRtpd; rQ;rpif RNyhfk;.

nrhe;j rNfhjuu; Jd;gj;jpy; rhjy; fz;Lk;

rpe;ij ,uq;fhub – fpspNa nrk;ik kwe;jhub’

vd;Dk; ghujp ghly; kiyg;nghwpapd; rQ;rpif RNyhfk;.

,e;j kf;fspilNa ,itfs; Vw;gLj;j Kad;w murpay; r%f czu;Tfs; Kidg;ghdit. mWgJfspd; Muk;gj;jpy; kiyehl;L ey;tho;T thypgu; rq;fk; Vw;ghL nra;j fiytpohf;fs; ehlf tpohf;fs; fy;tp khehLfs; gy Gjpa jpwikfis ntspf;nfhz;Ltu cjtpd.

kiyehl;L ey;tho;T thypgu; rq;fj;jpid njhlu;e;J kiyaf ,isQu; Kd;dzp@ kiyaf ntF[d ,af;fk;@ kiyaf kf;fs; ,af;fk;@ Nghd;w ,isQu; mikg;Gfs; gbj;j ,isQu; vd;w tiuaiwapypUe;J r%fj;jpd; gy juj;jpdiuAk; cs;thq;Ffpd;w xU tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid Kd;ndLj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

mitfspd; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; ,k;kf;fs; kj;jpapy; r%f tpopg;Gzu;T Vw;gl njhlq;fpaJ. ,yf;fpa vOr;rpf;F r%f tpopg;gzu;T mtrpakhdJ vd;Dk; epajpf;F xg;g kiyaf r%fj;jpy; Vw;glj; njhlq;fpa tpopg;Gzu;T kiyaf ,yf;fpar; nrOikf;F fhyha; mike;jJ. ,e;j vOr;rpfSf;F ce;Jjy; je;jtu;fshf jpUthsu;fs;.,u.rptypq;fk;> nre;J}ud;> gJis ghujp fy;Y}up uhkrhkp> ngup.fe;jrhkp Nghd;wtu;fis Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wyhk;.

vt;tpj topfhl;lYkpd;wp mWgJfspy; ,yf;fpa gpuNrtk; nra;j nre;J}ud;. vd;.v];.uhikah> njsptj;ij N[hrg;> rhuy; ehld; Nghd;wtu;f;Fg; gpwF ,tu;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l ,t;tpyf;fpa gazk; Xu; ,yf;fpa guk;giuiaNa ,tu;fSf;F gpd;dhy; ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;LtUk; rf;jp gilj;jjhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ.

vk;.thkNjtd;> K.epj;jpahde;jd;> K.rptypq;fk; khj;jis NrhK> kyud;gd;> uhkRg;gpukzpak;> rP.gd;dPu; nry;td;> Njh.rpf;fd;uh[;> gupG+uzd;> ky;ypif rp.Fkhu;. G+uzp> iekh g\Pu;> rykd; uh[;> Euis rd;Kfehjd;> Nf.Nfhtpe;juh[;> my; m]{kj; vd;W xU rpWfij gl;lhsNk ifapy; NgidAlDk; kdjpy; kiyafk; vd;Dk; ituhf;fpaj;JlDk; Cu;tyk; tuj; njhlq;fpaij ve;jr; rf;jpahYk; jLj;Jtpl Kbatpy;iy. epWj;jptpl Kbatpy;iy. ,g;gb fpsk;gpa ,t; ,yf;fpa gl;lhsj;jpy; rpyu; ,yf;fpathjpfsha; cau rpyu; Ngid J}f;fpa ghl;lhsj;Jf;$l;lkhfNt ,Ue;Jtpl;ldu;. ,Uf;fpd;wdu; vd;gJ NtW gpur;rpid.

,tu;fspd; ,e;j vOj;Jyf gpuNtrk; Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j tPuNfrup> jpdfud;> rpe;jhkzp> Mfpatw;wpd; QhapW ntspaPLfis jpzubj;jd. vOj;Jf;Ff; fsk; fpilf;fhj epiyapy;> kiyaf vOj;jhsu;fs; aho;g;ghzk; kl;lf;fsg;G Nghd;w gpw gpuNjr VLfSf;Fk; rpw;NwLfSf;Fk; vOjpg;ghu;j;jdu;. mJTk; jpUg;jpahf mikahj NghJ jhq;fNs gj;jpupifAk; ntspaplj; njhlq;fpdu;.

mWgJfspy; kiyafj;jpypUe;J Ik;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rQ;rpiffs; ntsp tuj;njhlq;fpapUe;jd. ,UgJfspYk; kiyafj;jpypUe;J VLfs; tuj;jhd; nra;jd. mitfspd; ngau;fspy; cjhuzj;Jf;F rpyij ghu;g;Nghk;. [dkpj;ud;> Njrgf;jd;> ,e;jpad;> Njr Copad;> [dNerd;> yq;fh tpfld;.

,itfs; midj;jpd; Mrpupau;fs; kiyehl;L njhlu;Gilatu;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; VLfs; nfhOk;ig ikakhff; nfhz;Nl ntspte;jit.

30fspy; ,Ue;J 50fs; tiu fz;b> `l;ld;> bf;Nfhah> ehtyg;gpl;b> fk;gis> gJis> griu> Nghd;w kiyaf efuq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; nfhOk;gpypUe;Jk; jkpo; ,jo;fs; tuj; njhlq;fpd. mtw;wpd; ngau;fspy; rpyijAk; cjhuzj;Jf;fhf ghu;g;Nghk;. tPuNfrup> jpdfud;> jpdjghy;> fhe;jp> Nej;jh[p> ,e;jpa Nfrup.

ehw;gJfspy; `l;ldpypUe;J eNlra;au; ntspapl;l Vl;bd; ngau; Rje;jpuNghu;. jyhj;J XahtpypUe;J Nf.fNzRk; Nf.uhkehjDk; ntspapl;l rQ;rpifapd; ngau; ghujp. fy;`pd;idapy; ,Ue;J v];.vk;.`dpg;gh> rKjhak; vd;w Vl;ilAk; nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J b.vk;.gPu;KfkJ et[PtidAk; ntspapl;ldu;. fk;gisapypUe;J jkpo;g; gpj;jd; <okzpia ntspapl;lhu;. fh.g. rptKk; K.F.<of;FkhUk; fz;bapype;J Ik;gJfspy; ntspapl;l VL Kj;jkpo; Kof;fk;. mWgJfspd; Muk;gj;jpy; rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is ntspapl;l ,jo; “fij”. gJisapypUe;J Kj;ijahg;gps;is ntspapl;l ,jo; “fiy xsp.” ky;ypiff; fhjyd; ntspapl;lJ ky;ypif.

,itfs; xU rpy cjhuzq;fs; kl;LNk> ntspte;j mj;jid VLfSky;y.

,UgJfspypUe;J mWgJ tiuapyhd VLfs;> ,jo;fs;> rQ;rpiffs; Mfpatw;wpy; xU njhd;DhW tPjk; rupnad;W xj;Jf;nfs;Sk; xU gl;bay; vLj;jhy; Vwj;jho EhW ngau;fs; mlq;Fk;. me;j EhwpYk; “kiyehL” vd;W nghwpj;Jf;nfhz;L te;jitahf xU ,uz;L my;yJ %d;Nw ,Uf;Fk;. ftpQu; gP.Mu;.nguparhkp ntspapl;l kiyehL V.vk;.Jiurhkp ntspapl;l vq;fs; kiy ehL Nghd;wit rpy cjhuzq;fs;.

Mdhy;> mWgJf;Fg; gpd;ndOe;j mj;jid VLfSk; VjhtJ xUtpjj;jpy; kiyafj;ij nghl;bl;Lf;nfhz;Nl te;jpUg;gjid ehk; fhzyhk;.

ngau;fNs jq;fs; gazj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhd rhl;rpaq;fsha;j; jpfo;fpd;w Kfpo;it mWgJfSf;Fg; gpd;Ng fhz;fpNwhk;.

kiyKuR> kiyg;nghwp> kiyKof;fk;> kiyNjtp> kiykzp> kiyaUtp> kiyfFuy;> kiykly;> kiyf;FUtp> kiyf;fz;zhb> FwpQ;rp> Fd;wpd;Fuy; vd;W gl;bay; ePSk;.

,ijj;jhd; mWgJf;Fg; gpe;jpatu;fspd; kiyafk; gw;wpa czu;T vd;W Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;Nld;. ,e;j czu;it Vw;gLj;jpa kiyaf ,isQu; ,af;fq;fspd; gzpfs; Nghw;WjYf;Fupait.    

rptypq;fk; mtu;fs; i`yd;]; fy;Y}upapd; MrpupauhfTk; gpwF mjpguhf gzpNaw;w fhyk; <oj;J jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; kWkyu;r;rpf; fhyk;. kiyaf ,yf;fpak; rpypu;j;Jf; nfhz;L vOk;gpa fhyk;. mWgJfspy; mtu; Vw;ghL nra;J elj;jpa fy;thkhehl;Lf;F gJisapypUe;J ghujp fy;Y}up uhkrhkp> rw;FUehjd;> ngup.fe;jrhkp> Mfpa ez;gu;fSld; mg;NghJjhd; vOjj; njhlq;fpapUe;j ehDk; fz;b nrd;Nwd;. nrd;Nwd; vd;gij tpl ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;Nld; vd;gNj rup. rptypq;fk; mq;F ,Ue;jhu;. vd;Dila rpWfijfs; gw;wp mtu; vd;Dld; rpyhfpj;J NgrpaJ vd;id Gy;yupf;fr;nra;aJ.

vq;fSila gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wp vtUNk vJTNk Ngrhj ehl;fs; mit. fUj;Jf;$whj fhyq;fs; mit. mg;Ngu;gl;l ehl;fspy; vd;Dila fijfspd; XUrpy tupfis$l $wpf;$wp tpae;jhu;. vd;dhy; ek;g Kbatpy;iy. xU fijia vOjp gy ,d;dy;fs; fhj;jpUg;Gf;fspd; gpd; mJ gj;jpupifapy; tUfpwJ mLj;jLj;j thuq;fspy; mit gioa fijfshfp NghfpwJ vd;gJ Nghd;w vd;Dila Muk;g fhy epidTfSf;F mtUila thu;j;ijfs; kuz mb nfhLj;jd.

vOj;jpd; typikia mjd; gaid gilg;gpd; NghJ epfo;fpd;w Ntjidia ntspte;j gpd; fpilf;fpd;w RfhDgtj;ij mtUila ,ilf;fpilapyhd thu;j;ijfs; vd;id cw;rhfg;gLj;jpd. fy;tp khehl;Lf;fhd Nkil xOq;Ffs; ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. Xb Mb mitfis ftdpj;jgbNa ,ilf;fpil vd;dplk; te;J ciuahLthu;. gpwF Xb tpLthu;.

fhw;W flypy; ePy miyfs; vOg;Gtijg;Nghy ,e;jj;Njapiy kiyfspy; gr;ir miyfis vOg;GfpwJ.’ vd;W xU fijapy; vOjpapUe;Njd;. me;j tupfis mg;gbNa $wpdhu;.

ehDk; me;j miyia fz;bUf;fpd;Nwd; epd;W mjprapj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. Mdhy; me;j mjpraj;ij xNu xU xU tupapy; vOjpf; fhl;baJ njsptj;ij jhd; vd;whu;. ehd; rpy;ypl;Lg;NghapUe;Njd;.

njsptj;ijapy; ,Ue;J fz;b te;j fisg;ngy;yhk; khakhfg;Ngha; tpl;lJ.

,d;Dk; $LjyhfTk;> cw;rhfj;JlDk; vOj Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; ce;Jjiy mtUila thu;j;ijfs; vdf;Fs; miy vOg;gpd.

ghl;b nrhd;d fijj; njuptpd; %yk; xU rpU\;bahsid fz;Lgpbj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W ez;gu;fsplk; $wp kfpo;e;jhu;. $l;lk; njhlq;f ,d;Dk; Neuk; nfhQ;rk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

tPl;Lf;Ff; $l;br; nrd;whu;. jpUkjp rptypq;fk; ,d;Kfj;Jld; tuNtw;whu;. ghujp uhkrhkp> rw;FU Nghd;wtu;fs; rNuh[pdp mk;ikahUf;F VyNt gof;fkhdthu;fs; gpd;dhy; xJq;fp epd;W nfhz;bUe;j ehd; Gjpatd;.

jp]; ,]; njsptj;ij vd;w mwpKfj;ijj; njhlu;e;J ‘X Nfhl;’ vd;w FuYld;> nty;fk; nty;fk; vd;w me;j tuNtw;gpd; trPfuk; vd;idf; ftu;e;jJ.

NjdPu; Fbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ vd;dplk; Nfl;lhu;fs; ‘ePq;fs; Nfuskh’ vd;W. vdf;Fg; Gupatpy;iy Nfs;tpiaj; njhlu;e;J Nfs;tpf;fhd tpsf;fk; ntspte;jJ.

kiyahs ,yf;fpathjpfs; jhd; jq;fSila Cupd; my;yJ fpuhkj;jpd; ngaiu Kd;epWj;jp jq;fspd; ngaUld; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs; vd;W.

jfop – itf;fk; - nghd;Fd;dk; vd;gJ Nghy;.

xU 40 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G ele;j tpbak; vd;whYk; New;Wg;Nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ me;j  ,dpa epidT.

$l;lk; Muk;gkhdJ.

kiyaff; fy;tp gw;wpa murpay;thjpfspd; fUj;J tpUk;gj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

ft;thj;J ntl;lg;NghFk; uhkrhkpf;Fk; nfhOe;njLf;fg; NghFk; kPdhl;rpf;Fk; fy;tpahy; vd;d gad; vd;Wk; njd; Mgpupf;fhtpy; fWg;gpd kf;fis g];]py; Vwtplkhl;lhu;fs; ,q;F ,tu;fs; mg;gbahd elj;jgLfpd;whu;fs;. ehq;fs; vt;tsT ngUe;jd;ikahf ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;…. vd;nwy;yhk; Ngrpdhu;fs;.

rpth filrpahfg; Ngrpdhu;. rpupj;j KfKk; rPw;wk; nfhz;l njhdpAkhf mtu;fs; Kd; itj;j midj;J Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; ,d;ndhU Nfs;tp vohj tifapy; gjpy; $wpdhu;. fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itf;Fk; yhtfk; fz;L ruskhd mtuJ Mq;fpyg; Ngr;R eil fz;L gpukpj;Jg; Nghdhu;fs; Kd;ida Ngr;rhsu;fs;.

ehq;fs; cq;fsplk; ve;j rYiffisAk; vjpu;g;ghf;ftpy;iy – vq;fs; cupikfs; gw;wpNa Fuy; nfhLf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W Kbj;jhu;. 

mz;zhtpd; Ngr;ir ehd; Fk;gNfhzj;jpy; Nfl;bUf;fpd;Nwd;. Nkilg;Ngr;Rf;fhf mz;zhthy; Nghw;wg;gl;l rpth mtu;fspd; Ngr;R vd;idAk; gpukpf;f itj;jJ. mtUila Ngr;irf; Nfl;fNt ,isQu;fs; mtiu #o;e;jpUe;jdu; vd;gJ vj;jid kfj;jhd cz;ik.

kiyaf ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa mtUila Neu;fhzy;fs;> fl;Liufs;> vq;fs; vOj;Jf;fs; mehijfs; my;y vd;fpd;w iju;aj;ijf; nfhLj;jd.

nfhOe;J epWj;J Kbj;j ngul;Lf;fsj;jpy; ,q;nfhd;W mq;nfhd;whf nfhOe;Jfs; rpjwpf; fple;jd. NkNy thdj;jpy; kpd;dpj;jpupAk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; Nghy. vd;W xU fijapy; vOjpapUe;Njd;.

,J gw;wpAk; ,d;Dk; rpy ctkhdq;fs; gw;wpAk; Nkilfspy; tpae;J NgrpapUf;fpd;whu; rpth.

rpe;jpf;fplf;fpd;w nfhOe;jpiyfis thdj;J el;rj;jpuq;fs; Nghy; fhZfpd;w kdk; nfhz;l vOj;jhsu;fis ,e;j kiyafk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

ek;ik kjpf;fpd;w kdk; ekf;Fk; Ntz;Lk; me;j kdk; njsptj;ijaplk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W NgrpapUf;fpd;whu;.

r%ftpayhsu;fs; $Wfpd;whu;fs; xU r%fk; jd;idj;jhNd kjpf;Fk;NghJk; jq;fsJ Fiwfis czu;e;J mitfis eptu;j;jpf;f KidAk; NghJNk me;j r%fj;jpw;fhd mgptpUj;jp Vw;gLfpd;wJ vd;W.

xU vNjl;irahf ehd; vOjpatw;iwj; jFjpahd ,lq;fspy; nghUj;jpg; ghu;f;fpd;w – nghUj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;w MSik mtuplk; ,Ue;jJ.

80 [dtupapy; vd;Dila ehkpUf;Fk; ehNl ntspaPl;L tpoh nfhOk;gpy; vd;.v];.vk; uhikahtpd; jiyikapy; eilngw;wJ. kiyehl;L vOj;jhsu; kd;wk; xOq;F nra;jpUe;j ,e;jf; $l;lj;jpy; ngupahu; rpth gpujk Ngr;rhsuhf tutiof;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. jpU.thkNjtd;> Nf.fNzrypq;fk; MfpNahUk; ciuahw;wpdu;.

,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs; jdJiuapd;NghJ> ‘kiyafk; vd;w czu;Tf;F jdJ vOj;jhw;wyhy; cUtk; nfhLj;jtu; njsptj;ij N[hrg;’ vd;W Ngrpdhu;.

<oj;J tpku;rfu;fshy; xJf;fg;gl;L> Ngrg;glhj vOj;Jf;fshfptpl;l kiyaf ,yf;fpak; gw;wp Fwpg;ghf vdJ vOj;Jf;fs; gw;wpa rpthtpd; fUj;Jf;fs; vdf;F xU rf;jpiaf; nfhLj;jd.

nre;J}uDk; mtUk; jhafk; nrd;w gpd; njhiye;jhu;fs; ghtpfs; vd;W re;Njh\pj;jtu;fs; cz;L.

murpay; fhuzq;fSf;fhf mtu; i`yd;];]pypUe;J gjtp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;l NghJk; re;Njh\pj;jtu;fs; cz;L.

ky;ypag;G efupy; cau;fy;tp epiyak; xd;iw mikj;jpUe;jhu;. gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tpiaj; njhlUk; khztu;fs; mtuplk; fy;tp gapy te;jdu;. tUkhdk; NghJkhdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy jw;fhypfkhf ml;lid tpl;L ntspNawpdhu; vd;W Fwpf;fpd;whu; rhuy; ehld;.

1991 ,y; ,Nj ky;ypag;G efupy; Nyhay; fy;tpafj;ij elj;jpatu; ky;ypag;G re;jp jpyfu;. r%fj;jpd; tpopg;Gf;Fk; tpUj;jpf;Fk; fy;tp Gfl;Ljy; vd;w Fwpf;NfhSld; ,aq;fpa Nyhay; fy;Y}upapy; fzpjtpayhsu; mkuu; Nf.[Ptuh[d; fzpjk; gbg;gpj;jpUf;fpd;whu;. ,e;jf; fy;Y}upapd; 10 MJ epiwT tpohtpy; gpujk mjpjpahff; fye;J rpwg;gpj;jtu; jpU.thkNjtd; mtu;fs; vd;gJTk; i`yd;]; fy;Y}upapd; jtpu;f;fKbahj xU fzpjtpay; Mrpupauhf Nf.[Ptuh[d; gzpahw;wpdhu; vd;gJTk; Fwpg;gplf;$baNj.

jkpofk; nrd;W jpUk;gpa rpth ,yq;if njhopyhsu; fhq;fpuRld; ,ize;J nrayhw;wpdhu;.

thypgu; rq;fk; mikj;J nraw;gl;lNghJ rq;flg;gl;ltu;fSf;Fk;> gjtpapoe;jNghJ gutrk; nfhz;ltu;fSf;Fk;> jhafk; nrd;wNghJ ‘gbj;jtu;fs; vijf; fpopj;jhu;fs;’  gbf;fhj vk; kf;fNs vdJ gyk; vd;W gupfrpj;jtu;fSf;Fk; mtu; Njitg;gl;lhu;. gytpjkhd tpku;rdq;fs;> Vr;Rg;Ngr;Rf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. tpsf;fq;fs; mspf;fg;gl;ld.

vd;idg;nghUj;jtiuapy; NehapUf;Fk; ,lk;jhd; itj;jpaDf;FupaJ vd;gJ khj;jpuNk.

jkpofk; nrd;W jpUk;gpa gpd; %d;W jlitfs; ehd; mtiu re;jpj;Jg; NgrpapUf;fpd;Nwd;.

Jiutpatu;fspd; mYtyfj;jpy; mtUldhd re;jpg;Gld; kiyafr; rpWfijfs;’ njhFjpia mtUf;F ifaspj;Njhk;. mjpy; mtu; vOjpa xNu fijahd ‘Kd;dtd; nrhj;J’ vd;w fijia Nru;j;jpUe;Njd;. ,JFwpj;J kpfTk; kfpo;e;jpUe;jhu;. How did you get it vd;W xU cw;rhfk; fye;j fspg;Gld; $wpdhu;.

ftpQu; kiyj;jk;gpapd; mfhy kuzj;jpd; gpd; mtuJ G+jTly; fyhgtdj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;jNghJ fyhgtdj;jpy; rptypq;fk; mtu;fis re;jpj;Njd;.

ftpQupd; G+jTliy Rl;bf;fhl;b ‘,it vy;yhk; ehd; fz;l fdTfs; xd;nthd;W edthfpwJ’ vd;W vdJ fhJf;Fs; $wpdhu;.

kiyafk; vd;fpd;w milahsk;> ciof;f te;jtu;fs; vd;fpd;w ngUe;Njhl;l kf;fs; FOkj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;Nl tsu;e;jjd;W.

ciog;gjw;Fg; gbg;Gj;Njitapy;iy vd;w xU fUj;J nghJthfNt epytptUfpwJ.

‘Education is dangerous weapon to these plantation workers’

vd;w fhydpj;Jt Ml;rpahsu;fspd; fUj;J Njhl;lq;fis Ml;rp nra;j nts;isj; Njhy;tPuu;fspd; fUj;jhf ,Ue;J te;jJ. fWg;Gj;Njhy; tPuu;fSk; mNj nfhs;ifAlDk;> gbf;fhj ,e;j kf;fspd; xw;WikNa jkJ gyk; vDk; Gsfhq;fpjj;JlDk; mur eilgapd;W nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; kiyaf fy;tp Afj;jpd; jsgjpahf i`yd;]; fy;Y}upia Kd;dpWj;jp rptypq;fk; Njhd;wpaJ.

rptypq;fk; vd;gJ ,e;Jkf;fspd; milahsk;;> rpYit fpwp];jtkj milahsk; vd;gijg;Nghy.

,e;j milahsq;fs; gw;wp Muha;gtu;fs; kuzj;jpd; milahskhd rpYitiatpl kdpjtpUj;jpapd; milahskhd rptypq;fk; rpwg;ghdJ vd;fpd;wdu;. mJ ekf;F ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Njitaw;wJ.

MdhYk ;ciof;Fk; kf;fspd; fy;tpf;fhf rpYit Rke;j rptypq;fk; fy;tpahsu;fis cUthf;fpdhu;. me;j cUthf;fj;jpd; rhl;rpfshf ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; mku;e;jpUf;fpwPu;fs;.

fy;tpia Kd;itj;j ,e;jNghuhl;lq;fshy; rq;flg;gl;ltu;fSk;> vjpu;j;J epd;wtu;fSk; kiyaff; fy;tpaYf;Fs; cs;thq;fg;gl;l fijfis tuyhW Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

mz;ikapy; kuzpj;j i`yd;]; fy;Y}upapd; fzpjtpay; Mrpupauhd Nf.[Ptuh[d; mtu;fsJ epidTkyupy; fy;tp mikr;rpd; fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fs; gpujp Mizahsu; nydpd; kjpthzk; mtu;fs; $wpAs;s xU fUj;ij ,q;F Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;lyhk; vd vz;ZfpNwd;.

‘kiyafr%fj;jtu; gyu; ,d;W fy;tpj;Jiwapy; Kd;Ndwptpl;lhu;fs; vd;Wk; Mrpupau;fshf cau; mjpfhupfshf rl;lj;juzpfshf itj;jpau;fshf cs;sdu; vd;W fzpg;gpl;L kiyafj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;jkhd fy;tp tsu;r;rpia kjpg;gPL nra;tJ mgj;jkhdJ. ,J r%f mstpy; kiyaf kf;fspd; fy;tptsu;r;rpapd; msTNfhs; ,y;iy’ vd;fpd;whu;.

,tu;fs; jdJ r%f mf;fiwAld; nraw;glNtz;Lk;. ,e;jr; r%f mf;fiw vd;gJ VNjh jd;id ,oe;J> kidtp kf;fs;> FLk;gk; vd;gij kwe;J r%f Nrit Mw;WtJ vd nghUs;gLtJ my;y.

xU Njhl;lj;njhopyhsp murpay; cupikngw;W nghJtho;tpy; <Lglyhk;. nghUshjhu trjpfs; ngw;W tho;f;ifj;juj;ij cau;j;jpf;nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy;> jd; FLgj;ij ftdpf;fhjNghJk;> gps;isfis rupahf tsu;f;fhjNghJk;> mtu;fsJ fy;tp gw;wpa nraw;ghLfspy; mf;fiw fhl;lhj NghJk; mtDila FLk;gj;jpd; vjpu;fhyk; gpur;rpidf;Fupajhf khwptpLk;.

xU FLk;gj;jiytdhf mtDila flikfis mtd; nra;tNj xU r%f mf;fiwjhd;. jq;fSila cly; eyj;jpy; jhq;fNs ftdk; vLj;J Nehapd;wp tho Kaw;rpg;gJk; xU r%ff;flik jhd; vd;gijg; NghyNt vjpu;fhyg; gpui[fshd khztu;fis cUthf;FtJk; xU r%ff;flikNa Mfpd;wJ.

Mrpupau;fs; mjpgu;fs; fy;tpg;gzpg;ghsu;fs; vd;W ek;ktu;fs; epiwaNt ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. khjk; Kbe;jhy; rk;gsk; vd;gjw;fhftd;wp me;jr; rkgsj;Jf;fhd ciog;ig> Nritiar; rupahfr; nra;tNj xU r%ff;flikjhd;.

mz;ikapy; xU kiyaff; fy;Y}upapy; rhjhuzju> cau;ju khztu;fSf;fhd rpWfijg; gl;liu xd;Wf;F nrd;wpUe;Njd;. cld;te;jpUe;jtu; ciuahw;wpaNghJ jkpo;r;rpWfijapd; %ytu;fs; gw;wpf;Fwpg;gpl;lNghJ t.Nt.R ma;au;gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ xU khztd; ma;aupd; ‘Fsj;jq;fiu murkuk;’ gw;wpf; $wpdhu;. t.Nt.R ma;au; vd;gjpy; t.Nt.R vd;gJ vijf;Fwpf;fpwJ vd;W ,d;ndhU khztu;Nfl;lhu;. vdf;F kfpo;thf ,Ue;jJ.

,e;j khztu;fspd; Mrpupau;fis vz;zp ngUiknfhz;Nld;. xU Mrpupaupd; flikfis ekJ Mrpupau;fs; rupahfr;nra;jhNy NghJk;. xUrpwg;ghd khztu; r%fk; cUthfptpLk;.

vdf;F ,NjNghy; ,d;ndhU mDgtKk; fpilj;jJ. ehty; gw;wpNgRtjw;F miof;fg;gl;bUe;Njd;. $l;lk; njhlq;f Neuk; ,Ue;jJ. khzt khztpfs; FOkpapUe;jdu;. khztu;fsplk; VjhtJ Nfs;tpNfSq;fs; vd;whu;fs;.

Ngupjhf vijahtJ Nfl;L khztu;fis jpiff;fitf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W vz;zpagb ahuhtJ xU kiyaf vOj;jhsupd; ngaiur; nrhy;Yq;fs; vd;Nwd;.

khztu;fs; xUtu; Kfj;ij xUtu; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. gjpiyNa fhztpy;iy. mNj fy;Y}upay; ciuahw;w vd;Dld; te;jpUe;j ez;gu; nkJthf vd;dplk; $wpdhu; ‘Mrpupau;khUf;F njupe;jpUe;jhy; jhNd khztu;fSf;Fj; njhupAk;’ vd;W.

vj;jid tUj;jkhf ,Ue;jJ? ,itfspy; ,Ue;J ehk; tpLglNtz;Lk;. ntspNa tuNtz;Lk;.

thrpg;G vd;gJ ekJ kj;jpapy; mupjhfptpl;lJ. Neukpy;iy vd;W xU rhl;L itj;jpUg;Nghk;.

njhiyf;fhl;rp Kd; cl;fhu;e;Jnfhz;bUf;f ifj;njhiyNgrpiaf; itj;J Nehz;bf; nfhz;bUf;f> NgRq;fs;> NgRq;fs; vd;W ifj;njhiyNgrpapy; Ngrpf;fopf;f NeukpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; thrpf;f ekf;F NeukpUg;gjpy;iy.

‘thrp’ vd;gijj; jpUg;gp; Nghl;lhy; rpth jhd; ep;w;fpd;whu;. cyfkakhjypd; NfhshWfs; ek;ik epkputplhky; $d itf;fpd;wd. ghuNkw;wg;gl;l KJFNghy; rp.b> b.tpb> nkhigy;> Nfgps;> ,d;lu;nel; vd;W vj;jidNah NfhshWfs;.

ekf;F kl;Lky;y ,e;j gpur;rpidfs; NkiyehLfSf;F Gyk; ngau;e;j <oj;jkpu;fSk; $l jq;fsJ jkpo; milahsq;fisj; njhiyj;Jf; nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mjw;fhf ehKk; ekJ milahsq;fisj; njhiyj;Jtplj; Njitapy;iy.

,e;jpah vt;tsT ngupa ehL. mtu;fspd; ekf;F Ntz;Lk;. mJ murpay; uPjpahdjhf. mjw;fhf ,yq;ifapd; ,e;jpaj;jkpou;fs; vd;fpd;w milahsk; ekf;F Kf;fpak; vd;Dk;; Fuy;fSk; Nfl;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;wd.

,e;jpaj;jjkpou; vd;fpd;w milhsk; ekf;F ve;j ed;ikfisAk; nra;Jtplg; Nghtjpy;iy.

,e;jpahtpy; jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gyk; ngau;e;jtu;fis ,yq;ifauhfNt  ehk; fUJfpd;Nwhk; vd;W MjpapypUe;Nj $wpau;fs;jhd; mtu;fs;.

,yq;ifj;jkpou;> ,yq;ifj;jkpou; vd;W mtu;fs; fz;zPu; tbg;gJ <oj; jkpou;fSf;fhfTk; ,y;iy> ekf;fhfTk; ,y;iy vd;gJ ekf;F njupahjJ my;y.

,e;jpa jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrd;W ,yq;ifj; Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fspy; njhopy;GupAk; jkpou;fs; ‘kiyafk;’  vd;Nw jq;fs; tho;tplq;fis milahsg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. yak;> gPypf;fiu> Njapiyj;Njhl;lk;> vd;git kNy\pahTf;F kl;Lk; cupj;jhdit my;y ,yq;ifapy; tho;fpd;w xU gFjp jkpo;kf;fSf;Fk; mit cupj;jhiditjhd; vd;W nfhyk;g]; mnkupf;fhitf;fz;L gpbj;jJ Nghy; xU jkpofg; gy;fiyf;fofg; NguhrpaupaNu tpag;GWk; NghJ murpay;thjpfs; gw;wp Nfl;fTk; Ntz;Lkh?

mg;gbahd xU ehl;bd; milahsk; ekf;F vd;d nra;Jtplg; Nghfpd;wJ? ,q;NfAk; fhzpG+kpfs; mq;NfAk; fhzpG+kpfs; vd;W XN`h vd;wpUg;gtu;fSf;F ,e;j ,ul;ilg; gpu[hTupikfs; mtrpak;jhd;.

,yq;if gpu[hTupikf;Nf Ngg;gu; gpui[ahfpj; jpupe;jtu;fs; ehq;fs;.

kiyafj;jtu;fs;  vd;w mbg;gilapy;  ekf;fhd gpur;rpidfSk; flikfSk; NkYk;> NkYk; r%f czu;Ts;s ekJ ,isQu;fspd; gzpfis Ntz;b epw;fpd;wd.

Fwpg;ghf kiyafk; vd;fpd;w milahsj;ij ,d;W ,ilawhJ J}f;fp Ngrpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; kiyaf ,yf;fpak; Fwpj;J ekJ ,isa rKjhak; Kidg;Gld; nraw;glNtz;ba NjitAs;sJ vd epidf;fpNwd;. kWGwk; mJ epfo;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;fpw kd epiwTk; vdf;Fs; vOfpd;wJ. rptD kNdhfud;> ky;ypag;G re;jp jpyfu;> Yzfiy => Nt.jpdfud;> Gdpjfyh> gpukpsh gpujPgd;> fe;ijah fNzr%u;j;jp> rptypq;fk; rptFkhu;> rrpfyh  vd ,isQu; gl;lhsk; xd;W kiyaf kz;thridNahL gilg;Gf;fis vOjpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;.

kiwe;j Nguhrpupau; fhu;j;jpNfR rptj;jk;gp mtu;fs; xU fl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. ‘<oj;J ,yf;fpak; vd;fpw ejp ahu; tpUk;gpAk; tpUk;ghkYk; gy Xilfspd; rq;fkpg;ghf mikfpd;wJ. mjw;Fs; aho;g;ghzk; tUk;> kl;lf;fsg;G tUk;> td;dp tUk;> nfhOk;G tUk;> ,];yhkpa tho;f;if tUk;> kiyafk; tUk;. ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,e;j vy;yh Xilfspd; rq;fkpg;Gj;jhd; <oj;J ,yf;fpa ejp vd;fpw ejp vd;gjd; gputhfkhf mikAk; vd;W’

vdNt <oj;J ,yf;fpak; vd;fpw ejpapd; gputhfj;jpy; fye;jpUf;Fk; kiyaf ,yf;fpak; jhd; kiyafk; vd;fpw milahsj;ij ,yq;ifapd; kw;iwa r%fj;NjhL ,izj;Jg;ghu;f;fr; nra;Ak; ghupa gq;spg;igr; nra;fpd;wJ vd;gJ kWf;fg;gl KbahjjJ.

New;nwd;gJ Xbtpl;l xd;W

ehis vd;gJ ekf;fpy;iy

,d;nwd;gNj ep[k;

vd;fpd;wdu; Qhdpfs;.

MdhYk; ekf;F nrhe;jkpy;yhj ehisfis ekjhf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; ijupaj;ijAk;> topfisAk; ek;gpf;iffisAk; ekf;F je;Jtpl;Nl nrd;wpUf;fpd;wdu; ekJ Kd;Ndhbfs;.